Table 5.

Estimated Unstandardized and Standardized Total Effects of Antecedent Constructs on Target Grandchild's Externalizing and Internalizing Problems for Grandparent Dyads (N = 193)

	Grandmothers		Grandfathers
Antecedents	Unstandardized	Standardized	Unstandardized	Standardized
EXTERNALIZING PROBLEMS^a
Dysfunctional Parenting	.73^*	.81	.37^*	.32
Grandparent Psychological Distress	.86^*	.27	.25	.06
Marital Distress	.20^*	.28	.10^*	.12
Family Dysfunction	.07^*	.13	.03^*	.05
Social Support	−.47^*	−.14	−.19^*	−.05
Grandparent Health	−.17^*	−.08	.01	.00
Grandparent Education	−.02	−.01	−.01	−.00
Annual Income^a	.01	.01
INTERNALIZING PROBLEMS^a
Dysfunctional Parenting	.33^*	.40	.33^*	.31
GP Psychological Distress	.64^*	.21	.64^*	.17
Marital Distress	.09^*	.14	.09^*	.12
Family Dysfunction	.04^*	.08	.04^*	.07
Social Support	−.27^*	−.09	−.27^*	−.08
Grandparent Health	−.14^*	−.07	−.02	−.01
Grandparent Education	−.02	−.01	−.02	−.01
Annual Income^a	−.03	−.03

p < .05

as reported by GMs only