Figure 5.

PARP-1-induced neuronal death is prevented by nonglycolytic substrates. A, B, Neurons were provided with pyruvate (Pyr) (2.5 mm) or α-ketoglutarate (αKG) (2.5 mm) after washout of MNNG or SIN1. The reduction in cell death was comparable with that achieved by coincubation with the PARP inhibitors, DPQ (10 μm) and PJ34 (200 nm). n = 3; **p < 0.001 versus MNNG or SIN1 alone. Error bars indicate SEM. C, Representative images of neurons 24 h after the designated treatments. Cell fields were photographed with phase contrast optics and with calcein fluorescence to identify live cells and PI fluorescence to identify dead cells.