Table 1.
Demographics and clinical features
| BPD cohort (N = 82) | OCD cohort (N = 125) | Test statistic | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPD | BPD+OCD | OCD | OCD+BPD | |||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Subjects | 65 (79.3) | 17 (20.7) | 106 (84.8) | 19 (15.2) | χ2(1) = 1.05 | 0.30 |
| Male | 48 (73.9)a* | 15 (88.2)c* | 62 (58.5) | 14 (73.7) | χ2(3) = 8.72 | 0.03 |
| Caucasian race | 60 (96.8) | 16 (100) | 97 (91.5) | 17 (94.4) | χ2(3) = 3.07 | 0.38 |
| Intact family | 21 (72.4) | 2 (66.7) | 58 (54.7) | 12 (66.7) | χ2(3) = 3.46 | 0.33 |
| Socioeconomic status | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | χ2(3) = 0.69 | 0.88 |
| Age at participation | 10.0 ± 3.8 | 10.5 ± 2.9 | 11.4 ± 3.2a** | 12.5 ± 3.0b**, d* | F(3,203) = 3.90 | 0.01 |
| Age at onset | ||||||
| OCD | – | 7.6 ± 3.4 | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 6.6 ± 3.3 | F(2,137) = 3.90 | 0.10 |
| BPD | 5.1 ± 3.6 | 6.4 ± 3.3 | – | 9.2 ± 3.9b** | F(3,96) = 5.58 | 0.005 |
| Duration of illness (years) | ||||||
| BPD | 3.6 ± 3.3b** | 2.9 ± 3.0 | – | 2.0 ± 2.5 | F(2,95) = 3.44 | 0.04 |
| OCD | – | 2.4 ± 2.7 | 4.2 ± 3.6 | 6.2 ± 3.6d*** | F(2,137) = 3.34 | 0.04 |
| Number of symptoms | ||||||
| Mania | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 6.2 ± 0.9 | – | 5.8 ± 1.1 | χ2(2) = 0.24 | 0.89 |
| OCD | – | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | χ2(2) = 5.25 | 0.07 |
| Sequence of onset | ||||||
| OCD preceded BPD | – | 2 (11.8) | – | 14 (73.7) | Z = 3.07 | 0.002 |
| BPD preceded OCD | – | 9 (52.9) | – | 1 (5.3) | Z = −32.01 | < 0.001 |
| Simultaneous onset | – | 6 (35.3) | – | 4 (21.0) | Z = −0.45 | 0.65 |
| Current disorder(s) at ascertainment | ||||||
| Mania only | 50 (78.1) | 13 (76.5) | – | 9 (47.4) | χ2(2) = 4.03 | 0.13 |
| OCD only | – | 13 (76.5) | 98 (92.4) | 18 (94.7) | χ2(2) = 4.16 | 0.13 |
| Mania + OCD | – | 10 (58.8) | – | 8 (42.1) | Z = −0.46 | 0.64 |
| Chronic course (> 1 year) | ||||||
| BPD | 44 (68.8) | 11 (64.7) | – | 8 (42.1) | χ2(2) = 5.38 | 0.07 |
| OCD | – | 10 (58.8) | 78 (73.6) | 18 (94.7) | χ2(2) = 3.94 | 0.14 |
Values displayed as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). Statistical significance level set at p ≤ 0.05;
*
p ≤ 0.05;
**
p ≤ 0.01;
***
p ≤ 0.001.
BPD = bipolar disorder; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; BPD+OCD = bipolar disorder with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder; OCD+BPD = obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder.
a
BPD versus OCD.
b
BPD versus OCD+BPD.
c
OCD versus BPD+OCD.
d
BPD+OCD versus OCD+BPD.