a, PBMCs from cohorts of HIES patients with stat3 mutations (red circles), HIES-like patients (blue circles) and healthy individuals (green circles) were stimulated overnight with SEB in the presence of brefeldin A and stained as described in Methods. The frequency of memory CD4 T cells (gated as described in Methods) that produced IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF or IL-17 was then assessed. b, Memory CD4 T cells that produced IFN-γ were analysed for their ability to co-produce IL-2 and TNF by using SPICE (Simplified Presentation of Incredibly Complex Evaluations) as described in Methods. Statistical significance was determined with the Mann–Whitney test. Significant P values are shown in red, and median values with horizontal bars.