Table 3.
Average Number of Trials in Each of the Four Cells in the Either-Language Condition for Each Language-Mixing Pattern in Experiments 1 and 3
| English |
Spanish |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matrix language | Language-mixing type | Stay | Switch into | Stay | Switch into |
| English | Bail out of Spanish (stay > switch only in English) | 30.7 | 5.2 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
| English | Stay > switch in both languages | 27.6 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 4.7 |
| English | No switches | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| English | Switch ≥ stay in both languagesa | 12 | 14 | 4 | 14 |
| Spanish | Bail out of English (stay > switch only in Spanish) | 3.8 | 6.6 | 26.9 | 6.7 |
| Spanish | Stay > switch in both languages | 9.8 | 5.3 | 23.5 | 5.5 |
| None | Bail out of English (stay > switch only in Spanish) | 8.7 | 11 | 13.3 | 11 |
| None | Bail out of Spanish (stay > switch only in English) | 13.2 | 10.8 | 9 | 11 |
| None | Stay > switch in both languages | 14.1 | 8.3 | 13.2 | 8.4 |
| None | Switch ≥ stay in both languages | 7 | 14.7 | 7.3 | 15 |
Note. Data reflect 44 trials. The first naming response was counted as a “stay” trial.
a
This mixing pattern occurred only once with English as the matrix language, and only in Experiment 2.