Table 3.
Baseline and 2-year change, means and s.e. by study group (comparative group subjects going on to have bariatric surgery not included in analyses)
| Study variables (total N) | Gastric bypass surgery patients |
Comparative group: seeking but did not have bypass surgery |
Comparative group: not seeking bariatric surgery |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change | Baseline | Change | Baseline | Change | |
| Age, years (816) | 45.2 (0.47) | 2.35 (0.02) | 46.5 (0.52) | 2.27 (0.02) | 47.7**** (0.47) | 2.28 (0.02) |
| Weight, kg (816) | 144.0 (1.39) | −44.83 (0.88) | 139.3** (1.61) | −2.23**** (0.97) | 132.8**** (1.44) | −0.29**** (0.87) |
| BMI, kg/m2 (816) | 47.97 (0.46) | −15.77 (0.29) | 46.49** (0.53) | −0.70**** (0.34) | 44.20**** (0.47) | −0.16**** (0.30) |
| Waist circumference, cm (816) | 139.4 (1.0) | −32.09 (0.83) | 137.7 (1.2) | −0.26**** (0.95) | 133.7**** (1.09) | 1.86**** (0.86) |
| Percent body fat, % (795) | 45.62 (0.27) | −14.23 (0.42) | 45.00* (0.32) | −2.98**** (0.48) | 44.41*** (0.29) | −2.18**** (0.44) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (501) | 126.0 (1.34) | −12.88 (1.14) | 126.5 (1.52) | −0.14**** (1.31) | 127.4 (1.45) | 0.55**** (1.24) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg (503) | 71.9 (0.85) | −2.72 (0.74) | 72.9 (0.98) | 0.81**** (0.85) | 72.3 (0.91) | 0.18** (0.80) |
| Resting heart rate, bpm (493) | 72.4 (0.97) | −13.84 (0.74) | 73.8 (1.11) | −3.84**** (0.85) | 71.5 (1.06) | −5.92**** (0.81) |
| Glucose, mg/dl (638) | 96.9 (1.15) | −14.86 (1.03) | 95.6 (1.36) | −0.60**** (1.22) | 96.9 (1.21) | 2.63**** (1.08) |
| Insulin, μU/ml (641) | 19.79 (1.04) | −10.69 (0.70) | 18.85 (1.24) | 3.82**** (0.83) | 15.19*** (1.11) | 2.92**** (0.74) |
| HOMA-IR (635) | 4.89 (0.27) | −2.78 (0.20) | 4.47 (0.32) | 0.85**** (0.24) | 3.66*** (0.28) | 0.99**** (0.21) |
| HbA1c, % (455) | 5.65 (0.05) | −0.10 (0.03) | 5.61 (0.06) | 0.15**** (0.04) | 5.56 (0.05) | 0.24**** (0.04) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl (666) | 187.0 (2.39) | −26.3 (1.93) | 182.3 (2.72) | −0.32**** (2.20) | 183.2 (2.47) | 3.23**** (1.99) |
| Measured LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl (666) | 109.3 (1.93) | −18.98 (1.70) | 106.3 (2.20) | 4.87**** (1.93) | 109.9 (2.00) | 8.44**** (1.75) |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl (666) | 44.2 (0.77) | 9.02 (0.69) | 41.4** (0.87) | −4.76**** (0.86) | 44.2 (0.79) | −3.67**** (0.71) |
| Measured VLDL-cholesterol, mg/dl (666) | 34.9 (1.32) | −13.59 (1.20) | 36.1 (1.50) | 0.77**** (1.36) | 30.1** (1.36) | −1.44**** (1.24) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl (666) | 189.97 (6.90) | −68.87 (8.85) | 199.2 (7.85) | 13.49**** (10.10) | 163.2** (7.12) | −6.00**** (9.14) |
| IWQOL–Lite total score (771) | 64.80 (1.27) | 58.90 (1.22) | 68.16 (1.47) | 7.47**** (1.38) | 89.40**** (1.31) | 11.51**** (1.38) |
| SF-36, Physical component score (743) | 36.05 (0.39) | 9.39 (0.39) | 35.9 (0.44) | 1.04**** (0.44) | 40.0**** (0.39) | 2.30**** (0.41) |
| SF-36, Mental component score (743) | 41.9 (0.43) | 2.82 (0.44) | 42.5 (0.49) | −0.69**** (0.50) | 44.3**** (0.44) | 1.06** (0.45) |
| Apnea/hypopnea index, per (401) | 30.2 (1.90) | −13.91 (1.30) | 29.7 (2.34) | −1.05**** (1.45) | 25.0* (1.91) | −1.34**** (1.22) |
| % Sleep time SpO2 <90%, sin−1 (%) (401) | 0.33 (0.03) | −0.19 (0.02) | 0.30 (0.03) | 0.01**** (0.02) | 0.27 (0.03) | 0.02**** (0.02) |
| Average night-time SpO2, (401) | 90.7 (0.28) | 2.28 (0.20) | 90.7 (0.32) | −0.22**** (0.23) | 91.2 (0.26) | −0.43**** (0.19) |
| Treadmill time, s (397) | 625.1 (23.3) | 291.5 (13.7) | 628.6 (30.1) | 39.3**** (17.3) | 622.4 (23.6) | 2.9**** (13.7) |
| RMR, kcal/day (517) | 2,136 (27.3) | −424 (17.9) | 2,202 (34.9) | 44.6**** (22.9) | 2,298 (28.0) | −6.6**** (18.4) |
Data for blood pressure, lipid, and diabetes-related variables were excluded if participant was taking medication affecting that variable at either exam. Follow-up changes are adjusted for age, sex, baseline BMI, and the baseline level of the variable being analyzed. Baseline means are adjusted for age, sex, and baseline BMI (except for the anthropometric variables).
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IWQOL–Lite, impact of weight quality of life–lite; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RMR, resting metabolic rate; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.
Significance of change between baseline and follow-up.
P < 0.05,
P < 0.01,
P < 0.001,
P < 0.0001 vs. surgical cases.