The protein expression of arginase I was lower in TNF−/− mice, higher in TNF++/++ mice, and in between of TNF−/− and TNF++/++ mice in TNF−/++ mice than that in WT mice (Fig. 6a, b). Following I/R, arginase mRNA expression (Fig. 6c) was elevated in the WT, substantially elevated in the TNF−/++ and TNF++/++ mice, and not affected in the TNF−/− mice. Antibody neutralization of TNF decreased arginase expression in the WT, TNF−/++ and TNF++/++ mice, but did not affect arginase expression in the TNF−/− mice. * P < 0.05 versus sham; # P < 0.05 versus I/R