. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 5.

Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2009 Sep;1(5):511–529. doi: 10.1002/wnan.41

TABLE 4.

In Vivo Toxicity of Fibrous Nanomaterials

Material	Metal content (%)	Dose	Route of exposure	Results	Reference
SWCNT			i.t. (mouse)	Induction of granulomas, fibrotic lesions	(70)
SWCNT	Ni (5), Co (5)	1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg	i.t. (rat)	Induction of multifocal granulomas	(84)
SWCNT		0.5mg	i.t. (mouse)	Induction of chronic inflammatory response, with formation of pulmonary granulomas and activation of NF-KB, AP-1	(74)
SWCNT	Fe (0.23)		Pharyngeal aspiration (mouse)	Dispersed SWCNT produced diffuse interstital fibrosis, while agglomerated SWCNT induced granulomas	(80)
MWCNT		12.5mg	i.t. (guinea pig)	Induction of granulomatous reponse	(106)
MWCNT	Fe (~ 1) Co (0.95)	0.5–5mg	i.t. (rat)	Intact material showed greater biopersistence; ground MWCNT were cleared more readily	(66)

i.t: intratracheal