. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 5.

Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2009 Sep;1(5):511–529. doi: 10.1002/wnan.41

TABLE 6.

Indirect Mechanisms of Fiber Carcinogenicity

Mechanism	References
Cofactor with tobacco smoke	121–123
Epigenetic gene silencing	124
Persistent inflammation with secondary genotoxicity	125
Persistent inflammation with release of cytokines, growth factors	117,126