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Schematic overview of DNA-repair pathway. Several DNA-repair pathways are involved in maintaining cell genomic stability; these include direct repair (DR), base-excision repair (BER), nucleotide-excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination (HR), and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). More than 150 proteins are involved. Only selected genes of each pathway are shown here. [Adapted from Fishel et al. (57).]
