Table 3. Studies of Nonverbal Compassion Cues by Method.

Expression Component	Observational Studies	Recognition Studies
Orientation
Eye gaze towards partner	Guthrie et al. (1997)	Haidt & Keltner (1999) Keltner & Buswell (1996)
Head & body orientation to partner	Eisenberg, Fabes, et al. (1989) Eisenberg, Schaller, et al. (1988) Eisenberg et al. (1991) Guthrie et al. (1997)
Forward lean	Eisenberg, Schaller, et al. (1988)	Haidt & Keltner (1999 Keltner & Buswell (1996)
Touch	Hertenstein et al. (2006) Zahn-Waxler et al. (1992)	Hertenstein et al. (2006)
Facial Expression
Oblique eyebrows	Eisenberg, McCreath & Ahn (1988)	Haidt & Keltner (1999) Keltner & Buswell (1996)
Furrowed eyebrows	Eisenberg, Fabes, et al. (1989) Eisenberg, Schaller, et al. (1988) Eisenberg et al. (1991) Guthrie et al. (1997)
Lower eyelid raised	Eisenberg, Fabes, et al. (1989) Eisenberg, Schaller, et al. (1988) Eisenberg et al. (1991) Guthrie et al. (1997)
Slight mouth press	Eisenberg, Fabes, et al. (1989) Eisenberg et al. (1991) Guthrie et al. (1997)	Haidt & Keltner (1999 Keltner & Buswell (1996)