Table 1.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-oxidative effects of iron nanobeads associated or not with 7-ketocholesterol on murine cardiomyocytes HL1-NB
| Assays | Control | Iron nanoparticles | 7KC | 7KC + iron nanoparticles |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % SYTOX Green positive cells | 11 ± 2 | 9 ± 1 | 51 ± 6* | 61 ± 6** |
| LDH (U/L) | 328 ± 1 | 346 ± 9* | 348 ± 8* | 353 ± 7 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 16.0 ± 5.4 | 25.0 ± 10.0 | 16.0 ± 5.0 | 32.0 ± 10.0** |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 16.0 ± 5.0 | 15.0 ± 14.0 | 17.0 ± 5.0 | 16.0 ± 10.0 |
| MFI of HE positive cells | 15 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 20 ± 1* | 25 ± 1** |
Notes: Murine cardiac HL-1NB cells were cultured in the absence (control) or in the presence of iron nanoparticles associated or not with 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) for 30 h. At the end of the incubation time, the cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects were evaluated by various methods: determination of the percentages of SYTOX Green positive cells (dead cells) by flow cytometry; quantification of LDH release in the culture medium; quantification by ELISA of the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1 in the culture medium; measurement of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of hydroethidine (HE) positive cells by flow cytometry. Data are mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Significance of the differences between control and iron nanoparticles or 7KC-treated cells (* P < 0.05); 7KC and (7KC + iron nanoparticles)-treated cells (**P < 0.05).