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. 2010 Feb 25;19(11):2113–2122. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq088

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Electron microscopy of liposome tubulation. (A and B) Negative stain of OPA1-S1 reconstituted with liposomes mimicking the mitochondrial inner membrane lipid. (A) A low magnification view showing OPA1-S1 tubular structures with diameters in the range of 50 to 150 nm. In (B), a higher magnification view shows an individual membrane tubule with a periodic arrangement of OPA1-S1 on the lipid substrate. The inset represents the Fourier transform of a segment of the displayed tube indicating molecular order mainly along the long axis of the tube. (C) Cryo-TEM image of vesicle preparations prior to the addition of OPA1-S1. Frozen–hydrated vesicles appear as a mixture of unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles of varying diameters. (D) Cryo-TEM of the vesicle preparation after the addition of OPA1-S1. OPA1-S1 reconstitutes into tubular structures with OPA1-S1 molecules decorating the surface of the lipid tubules. (E) Negative stain of OPA1 mixed with liposomes, showing that OPA1 assembles on the tubular as well as non-tubular (arrow) portions of the liposome. (F) Negative-stained preparation of an OPA1/liposome reaction, showing patches of OPA1 arrays. Scale bars: (A) 500 nm; (B and D) 50 nm; (C) 200 nm; (E and F) 100 nm.