Table 3.
Association of measures of cognitive function with physical functioning adjusted for age, race, and study site
| Symbol Digit Modality Test |
Digit Span Backward Test |
East Boston Memory Test |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | p value | β (SE) | p value | β (SE) | p value | |
| Basic models1 | ||||||
| Standardized cognitive measure | 1.858 (0.337) | <0.001 | 0.569 (0.309) | 0.030 | 0.744 (0.256) | 0.002 |
| Basic plus SES | ||||||
| Standardized cognitive measure | 1.285 (0.039) | <0.001 | 0.699 (0.310) | 0.411 | 0.614 (0.257) | 0.008 |
| Education | 1.519 (0.377) | <0.001 | 1.670 (0.378) | <0.001 | 1.641 (0.375) | <0.001 |
| Difficulty paying for basics | 4.983 (0.545) | <0.001 | 5.171 (0.549) | <0.001 | 5.110 (0.545) | <0.001 |
| Basic plus metabolic | ||||||
| Standardized cognitive measure | 1.800 (0.352) | <0.001 | 0.581 (0.322) | 0.035 | 0.687 (0.271) | 0.005 |
| Metabolic status | −5.532 (0.774) | <0.001 | −5.569 (0.784) | <0.001 | −5.559 (0.774) | 0.000 |
| Basic plus menopause | ||||||
| Standardized cognitive measure | 1.839 (0.336) | <0.001 | 0.561 (0.310) | 0.034 | 0.728 (0.257) | 0.002 |
| Premenopause | 5.226 (1.502) | <0.001 | 5.484 (1.521) | <0.001 | 5.221 (1.509) | <0.001 |
| Early perimenopause | 1.303 (0.718) | 0.035 | 1.583 (0.725) | 0.015 | 1.459 (0.720) | 0.021 |
| Late perimenopause | 0.761 (0.787) | 0.150 | 0.635 (0.793) | 0.211 | 0.552 (0.786) | 0.241 |
| Hormone user | 0.335 (0.950) | 0.362 | 0.493 (0.960) | 0.303 | 0.415 (0.952) | 0.332 |
| Postmenopause | reference | reference | reference | |||
| Basic plus CESD score | ||||||
| Standardized cognitive measure | 1.591 (0.331) | <0.001 | 0.530 (0.305) | 0.04 | 0.623 (0.255) | 0.004 |
| CESD sum | −0.436 (0.033) | <0.001 | −0.453 (0.033) | <0.001 | −0.444 (0.033) | <0.001 |
| Expanded models2 | ||||||
| Standardized cognitive measure | 1.039 (0.348) | 0.001 | 0.084 (0.317) | 0.39 | 0.472 (0.269) | 0.04 |
| Education | 1.002 (0.367) | 0.003 | 1.109 (0.367) | 0.001 | 1.123 (0.365) | 0.001 |
| Difficulty paying for basics | 4.406 (0.563) | <0.001 | 4.568 (0.566) | <0.001 | 4.490 (0.562) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | −5.277 (0.755) | <0.001 | −5.383 (0.762) | <0.001 | −5.221 (0.754) | <0.001 |
| Menopause status | ||||||
| Premenopause | 4.780 (1.545) | 0.001 | 4.951 (1.561) | <0.001 | 4.820 (1.550) | 0.001 |
| Early perimenopause | 1.183 (0.731) | 0.05 | 1.359 (0.736) | 0.03 | 1.333 (0.732) | 0.03 |
| Late perimenopause | 0.462 (0.822) | 0.28 | 0.244 (0.827) | 0.38 | 0.261 (0.820) | 0.37 |
| Hormone user | −0.189 (0.969) | 0.42 | −0.100 (0.977) | 0.45 | −0.139 (0.971) | 0.45 |
| Postmenopause | reference | reference | reference | |||
| CESD sum | −0.376 (0.035) | <0.001 | −0.388 (0.035) | <0.001 | −0.385 (0.034) | <0.001 |
1
Basic models relate four different cognitive function assessments to physical function, adjusted for age, race, and study site.
2
Expanded models additionally adjusted for education, difficulty paying for basics, metabolic syndrome status, menopause status, and depression.