Figure 5. Distribution of mutations across genomes of aggregate viral clones.

Combined mutations from 10 SARS-WT and 10 S-ExoN1 P3 viral clones are plotted according to position in the SARS-CoV genome (drawn to scale). Non-engineered mutations are depicted as lollipops and engineered ExoN1 mutations in nsp14 are depicted as a bent vertical line. Red, mutations common to all SARS-WT or all S-ExoN1 clones; green, mutations common to multiple but not all S-ExoN1 clones; blue, mutations unique to one SARS-WT or S-ExoN1 clone. Filled lollipops, nonsynonymous mutations; open lollipops, synonymous mutations; black open lollipops, mutations in non-coding regions. A 30-nt deletion in SARS-WT clone 7 that disrupts ORFs 8a and 8b and a three-nt deletion identified in S-ExoN1 clone 46 in ORF E are indicated above the lollipops by Δ30 and Δ3, respectively. All mutations identified in SARS-WT genomes occurred at nucleotide positions distinct from those in S-ExoN1 genomes. White boxes, nsp domains encoded by ORF1. For simplicity and because no mutations were detected in nsp11, a predicted 17-aa polypeptide that partly overlaps with the amino-terminus of nsp12, nsp11 is not shown. Dark gray boxes, ORFs encoding structural proteins: S, Spike attachment glycoprotein; E, Envelope protein; M, Membrane protein; N, Nucleocapsid protein. Light gray boxes, ORFs encoding group-specific (accessory) proteins.