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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2009 Dec 24;38(4):1607–1617. doi: 10.1007/s10439-009-9881-0

TABLE 4.

Summary of significant changes with exercise.

Wild type
Bgn-deficient
Properties B6;129 C3H B6;129 C3H
Body mass




Structural-level mechanical
↑Post-yield deformation
↑Failure deformation



Tissue-level mechanical


↑ Yield stress

Tissue composition
↑ Carbonate/phosphate ratio
↑Carbonate/phosphate ratio
↑mineral/matrix ratio
↑collagen cross-linking ratio
↑ Carbonate/phosphate ratio
↓ crystallinity
↑ Collagen crosslinking ratio
Cross-sectional geometry ↑ AP/ML ratio

This table summarizes the significant effects of exercise in each group. An ↔ indicates that no properties were changed with exercise.