Table 1.

Circadian expression of circadian and circadian-controlled genes in MSC-enriched vs control diet groups in NMU-treated rats.

Gene	Mammary Gland					Liver
	Change of Rhythm*		Change of Level (Fold Change)§		Peak Time‡(ZT, h)	Change of Rhythm		Change of Level (Fold Change)		Peak Time (ZT, h)
	Control	MSC	Mesor**	Amplitude†	MSC	Control	MSC	Mesor	Amplitude	MSC
Per1	Nc	P-4	-0.06	0.39	12	D	R/P-8	1.14	14.25	8
Per2	D	R/P-4	16.49	44.53	12	Nc	Nc	0.86	1.28	12
Cry1	D	D	-0.04	-0.29	20	Nc	Nc	0.13	-0.33	20
Cry2	D	D	0.24	0.64	12	D	D	0.69	1.30	8
Rev-ErbAα	D	R	2.99	3.55	8	R/P	Nc	0.33	0.44	8
Arntl	Nc	Nc	0.48	0.06	0	Nc	Nc	0.08	-0.04	0
Clock	Nc	Nc	-0.41	0.22	8	Nc	Nc	0.18	-0.09	0
Npas2	Nc	Nc	-0.13	-0.33	0	Nc	Nc	0.24	0.44	0
MTNR1A	D	R/P+4	4.67	6.50	12	D	D	4.92	1.70	0
ERα	D	R/P+4	0.50	3.63	12
ERβ	Nr/Nc	I	9.48	9.71	12	Nr/Nc	Nr/Nc	1.5	3.58	0
c-Myc	Nr/Nc	I	-0.36	0.00	0	Nc	Nc	0.12	0.09	4
Trp53	D	R	1.68	9.67	12	Nc	Nc	-0.13	0.24	8
P21	D	R	3.05	7.11	12	D	D	0.02	0.60	12
Gadd45α	D	R	2.29	18.00	12	R	D	0.52	5.07	8, 12

^*The rhythmicity was determined by Time Series Single Cosinor 6.3 software. The significance of the circadian rhythm was tested by a zero-amplitude test (p<0.05). The rhythm of each gene per group was compared to that of normal control rat. Changes of rhythms were described as D, significant disruption of rhythm (p>0.05); R, significant restoration of rhythm (p<0.05); I, induction of rhythm; P, phase resetting with advanced (-) or delayed (+) peak; N, no significant change (Nc) or no rhythm (Nr).

^**Mesor indicates rhythm-adjusted mean of relative expression.

^†Amplitude indicates the half of the difference between minimum and maximum of the fitted cosine function.

^‡Peak times present the times of the maximum values on the graphs of “NMU, MSC Diet” group in the figures, with light onset as phase reference.

^§Fold change = (MSC diet-Control diet)/Control diet