Table 2. Proposed questions and indicators for the evaluation and monitoring of interventions to increase access to health workers in underserved areas.

Stage	Questions	Indicators	Methods
Design	• Did the intervention respond to a documented need? • Is the choice of the intervention based on evidence or robust arguments (situation analysis)? • Were the actual reasons for limited access to health workers clearly documented (i.e. insufficient number of students willing to work in rural areas or insufficient number of funded positions?	• Human resources for health-costed plan, including situation analysis • Stocks and flows of health workers (for more details see reference)8	• Labour market analysis • Survey of intentions • Demographic analysis (health workforce stocks and flows) • Stakeholder analysis • Review of policy documents
Implementation	• Did the activities take place according to plan? • Did any changes occur during implementation?	• Process indicators (changes in the programme elements)	• Surveys • Stakeholder analysis • Review of policy documents
Results	• Did attractiveness of profession/rural/remote areas improve? • Did recruitment of health workers in underserved areas improve? • Did retention improve?	• Total health workers recruited • Changes in preferences for rural/remote areas • Reduced turnover • Reduced vacancies • Stability index • Survival rates (or years in post)	• Surveys • Survival analysis • Analysis of registries data or facility data