Table 3.
Robustness Tests of Random Assignment
| Panel A: Modified Randomization Test | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent Variable,X = | ||||||
| Ability (1) | Driving Distance (2) | Putts per Round (3) | Greens per Round (4) | Years of Experience (5) | Length of Name (6) | |
| Avg(X ), playing partners | −0.017 (0.015) | 0.002 (0.015) | −0.002 (0.012) | −0.004 (0.014) | −0.010 (0.012) | −0.013 (0.014) |
| Leave-me-out Avg( X ), urn | −10.803 (1.629) | −10.189 (1.210) | −12.529 (1.653) | −12.033 (2.665) | −15.793 (3.795) | −14.587 (1.364) |
| Tournament × Category F.E. | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Leave-me-out urn mean included | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| R2 | 0.542 | 0.632 | 0.579 | 0.580 | 0.593 | 0.515 |
| N | 8801 | 8646 | 8646 | 8646 | 8646 | 8646 |
| Panel B: Biased Randomization Test | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent Variable,X = | ||||||
| Ability (1) | Driving Distance (2) | Putts per Round (3) | Greens per Round (4) | Years of Experience (5) | Length of Name (6) | |
| Avg(X ), playing partners | −0.087 (0.022) | −0.081 (0.021) | −0.071 (0.022) | −0.080 (0.023) | −0.050 (0.020) | −0.063 (0.020) |
| Tournament × Category F.E. | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Leave-me-out urn mean included | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| R2 | 0.254 | 0.382 | 0.163 | 0.251 | 0.167 | 0.035 |
| N | 8801 | 8646 | 8646 | 8646 | 8646 | 8646 |
Notes:
a
Results from estimating equation (2).
b
Avg(Ability) is the average handicap of a player’s playing partners, as described in the text.
c
All specifications in Panel A include the average of all of the other players in your tournament-by-category urn (not including yourself). This control is necessary to produce a well-behaved randomization test.
d
Standard errors are in parentheses and are clustered by playing group.
e
All regressions are unweighted (unlike the specifications in the other tables), since the weighting is not appropriate for the randomization test.