Path planning for the kinematic cart by many sample paths. The mean and the covariance from the paths are used for a Gaussian function: (a) Cart path for the goal, (x, y, θ) = (1.6, 1.6, π/3) (b) Cart path for the goal, (x, y, θ) = (1.6, 1.6, π/3), the obstacle position = (0.5, 0.5) and the obstacle radius = 0.25.