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Frequency (top) and growth rate (bottom) of the first four modes of the coupled system as a function of the subglottal pressure, for vocal folds with a convergent glottis. α=−5°, T=0.3, σ=1.8, and other parameters are given by Eq. 16. Equation 2 was solved with the first ten modes included. The vertical line indicates the point of onset. Phonation onset at large values of the structural loss factor often involves the interaction between more than two modes.
