Hypothetical events for mid-frequency stop consonants ∕ka∕ and ∕ga∕. The multiple panels in each subfigure are AI-gram. A dashed vertical line labels the onset of voicing (sonorance), indicating the start of the vowel. The solid and dashed rectangular boxes indicate the dominant and minor events, respectively. The ellipses denote the conflicting cues that cause the confusions. CPs as a function of truncation time tn. CPs as a function of SNRk. CPs as a function of cutoff frequency fk. AI-grams of the consonant region (defined by the solid vertical lines on panel ) at −12, −6, 0, 6, 12, and 18 dB SNRs.