TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to the Receipt of Inpatient Rehabilitation Services
| Treatment* | Control | |
|---|---|---|
| Received Rehabilitation on Specialized Rehabilitation Bed Units (n = 274) | Received General Rehabilitation on Medical or Surgical Units (n = 1065) | |
| Demographics | ||
| Age, yrs‡ | ||
| Average | 65.0 | 67.5 |
| Range | 41–88 | 35–97 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 274 (100.0) | 1053 (98.9) |
| Female | 0 (0.0) | 12 (1.1) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 122 (44.5) | 497 (46.7) |
| Not married | 152 (55.5) | 568 (53.3) |
| Living location before the hospitalization† | ||
| Extended care | 8 (2.9) | 69 (6.5) |
| Home | 261 (95.3) | 966 (90.7) |
| Hospital | 5 (1.8) | 30 (2.8) |
| Amputation level‡ | ||
| Unilateral transtibial | 163 (59.5) | 510 (47.9) |
| Unilateral transfemoral | 99 (36.1) | 451 (42.4) |
| Bilateral transtibial | 6 (2.1) | 31 (2.9) |
| Bilateral transfemoral | 6 (2.1) | 73 (6.9) |
| Contributing etiologies | ||
| Chronic osteomyelitis | 12 (4.4) | 80 (7.5) |
| Device infection† | 39 (14.2) | 107 (10.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus type I | 50 (18.3) | 160 (15.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus type II‡ | 202 (73.7) | 690 (64.8) |
| Local significant infection | 210 (76.6) | 817 (76.7) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 235 (85.8) | 934 (87.7) |
| Previous amputation complication | 26 (9.5) | 99 (9.3) |
| Skin breakdown | 169 (61.7) | 692 (65.0) |
| Systemic sepsis† | 18 (6.6) | 116 (10.9) |
| Trauma | 42 (15.3) | 140 (13.2) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| AIDS | 1 (0.4) | 12 (1.1) |
| Alcohol abuse | 19 (6.9) | 57 (5.4) |
| Arrhythmias | 41 (15.0) | 178 (16.7) |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 6 (2.2) | 19 (1.8) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 45 (16.4) | 230 (21.6) |
| Coagulopathy | 13 (4.7) | 56 (5.3) |
| Congestive heart failure | 53 (19.3) | 242 (22.7) |
| Deficiency anemias | 48 (17.5) | 245 (23.0) |
| Depression | 30 (11.0) | 95 (8.9) |
| Drug abuse | 7 (2.6) | 21 (2.0) |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 58 (21.2) | 213 (20.0) |
| Hypertension | 182 (66.4) | 687 (64.5) |
| Hypertension with complication | 3 (1.1) | 3 (0.3) |
| Hypothyroidism | 9 (3.3) | 38 (3.6) |
| Liver disease | 15 (5.5) | 37 (3.5) |
| Lymphoma | 2 (0.7) | 10 (0.9) |
| Metastatic cancer | 7 (2.6) | 22 (2.1) |
| Other neurological disorders† | 3 (1.1) | 36 (3.4) |
| Paralysis† | 5 (1.8) | 57 (5.4) |
| Peptic ulcer | 4 (1.5) | 11 (1.0) |
| Psychoses | 12 (4.4) | 80 (7.5) |
| Pulmonary circulation disease | 3 (1.1) | 8 (0.8) |
| Renal failure† | 31 (11.3) | 188 (17.7) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 5 (1.8) | 9 (0.9) |
| Solid tumor without metastasis† | 16 (5.8) | 110 (10.3) |
| Valvular disease | 7 (2.6) | 48 (4.5) |
| Weight loss | 16 (5.8) | 55 (5.2) |
| Baseline complexity | ||
| Time from hospital admission to surgery‡ | ||
| Average | 10.4 | 7.9 |
| Range | 1–109 | 1–198 |
| Time from surgery to rehabilitation admission§ | ||
| Average | 10.6 | 5.0 |
| Range | 1–132 | 1–176 |
| ICU admission | ||
| No. bed sections§ | 105 (38.3) | 384 (36.1) |
| Average | 3.5 | 2.3 |
| Range | 1–18 | 1–15 |
| Procedures | ||
| Active pulmonary pathology† | 0 (0.0) | 15 (1.4) |
| Acute central nervous system | 24 (8.8) | 93 (8.7) |
| Ongoing active cardiac pathology | 41 (15.0) | 118 (11.1) |
| Ongoing wound problems | 18 (6.6) | 71 (6.7) |
| Serious nutritional compromise‡ | 2 (0.7) | 53 (5.0) |
| Severe renal disease† | 13 (4.7) | 94 (8.8) |
| Substance abuse or mental health issues† | 8 (2.9) | 11 (1.0) |
| Functional status | ||
| Initial motor FIM score§ | ||
| Average | 48.7 | 36.4 |
| Range | 13–78 | 13–91 |
| Initial cognitive FIM score§ | ||
| Average | 28.9 | 25.6 |
| Range | 5–35 | 5–35 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||
| Regions | ||
| Northeast | 40 (14.6) | 174 (16.3) |
| Southeast | 74 (27.0) | 361 (33.9) |
| Midwest | 44 (16.1) | 142 (13.3) |
| South Central | 68 (24.8) | 240 (22.5) |
| Mountain Pacific | 48 (17.5) | 148 (13.9) |
| Total bed size§ | ||
| Bed size ≤126 | 25 (9.1) | 321 (30.1) |
| Bed size 127–244 | 78 (28.5) | 285 (26.8) |
| Bed size 245–362 | 155 (56.6) | 368 (34.6) |
| Bed size >362 | 16 (5.8) | 91 (8.5) |
Numbers in parentheses are percentages of column totals for gender, marital status, living location before hospitalization, amputation level, regions, and total bed size.
*
Comparisons were treatment group (rehabilitation on specialized rehabilitation bed units) versus control group (generalized consultative rehabilitation).
†
P < 0.05;
‡
P < 0.01;
§
P < 0.0001.