. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Immunol Rev. 2010;6(1):38–55. doi: 10.2174/157339510790231833

Table 2.

Influence of innate immune responses on relative susceptibility of newborns to HSV or CMV infection

	HSV	CMV
Toll-like receptors
TLR3	Ex vivo production of IFN-α in response to HSV is diminished in newborn PBMCs relative to adults [119]
TLR3	Poly(I:C) stimulation of cord blood mDCs induces lower cytokine responses than adults [117]
TLR2	TLR2^−/− mice less susceptible than wild-type to mortality after HSV-1 infection, with difference more pronounced in neonates than adults [143]	Inflammatory response to CMV in human placental cells in vitro depends on TLR2 [156]
TLR9	Cord blood pDCs stimulated with HSV-1 or CMV produce less IFN-α than adults [162]
Pro-inflammatory cytokines	IL-6 and IL-8 production increased in newborn PBMCs exposed to HSV relative to adults [145], but IL-6 and TNF-α are reduced in newborn murine skin (Jones, C.A., unpublished observations) IFN-α production by neonatal PBMCs is lower after stimulation with HSV than adult PBMCs [119]	Type I IFNs are produced in lower amounts in newborn mice than adults after intracranial injection [189]
Dendritic cells	Maturation of neonatal murine DCs infected with HSV is impaired more than in adults [209], and migration to draining lymph nodes is slower (Jones, C.A., unpublished observations)