. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Immunol Rev. 2010;6(1):38–55. doi: 10.2174/157339510790231833

Table 3.

Influence of adaptive immune responses on relative susceptibility of newborns to HSV or CMV infection

	HSV	CMV
Humoral immunity	Circulating antibodies may limit viral dissemination [244, 245]
Cellular immunity	Overall diminished proliferation and IFN-γ production of newborn PBMCs relative to adults in response to HSV antigen [244, 262]	Cord blood PBMCs after congenital infection can function comparably to adult cells [264–266]
CD4⁺ T-cells	Paucity of T_H1 and T_H2 cytokines after HSV infection in neonatal mice relative to adults [263]	Lower IFN-γ and IL-2 production by CD4⁺ T- cells in response to CMV antigen in young children relative to adults [265]. Lower expression of CD154 (CD40 ligand) in CMV-specific CD4⁺ T-cells from young children compared with adult cells [265]
CD8⁺ T-cells	CD8⁺ T-cell response in draining lymph nodes is delayed in newborn mice infected with HSV compared with adults, with a lower peak activity [269]	Young children have identical frequencies of CMV-specific CD8⁺ T-cells and detection of intracellular IFN-γ perforin as adults [264]
Tregs	Expansion, activation, and cytotoxicity of HSV- specific CD8⁺ T-cells in the absence of Tregs is enhanced in neonatal but not adult mice [277].