Table 1.

Sample Demographic and Pain Characteristics (n = 60)

	Percent	Mean (SD)
Age (Range: 69—103 years)		89.0 (6.8)
Female	88.1
Marital status
Widowed	61.0
Married	27.1
Divorced	6.8
Never married	5.1
Ethnicity
White, not Hispanic	93.2
Black, not Hispanic	3.4
Asian/Pacific Islander	3.4
Education: High School or less	67.8
Cognitive Performance Scale *(0—6)		3.9 (1.2)
Pain Frequency from the MDS
No pain	61.0
Pain less than daily	23.7
Pain daily	15.3
Pain Intensity from the MDS (n = 23)
Mild pain	52.2
Moderate pain	34.8
Excruciating pain	13.0
Number of Documented Painful Diagnoses		1.5(1.1)
0	18.6
1	42.4
2	20.3
3	11.9
4	6.8
Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis	62.7
CAN report of “usual pain” during the previous week# (0—12 scale)		3.1(2.6)
Pittsburgh Agitation Scale‡ (0—16 scale)		3.5(3.4)

MDS = Minimum Data Set; CNA = Certified Nursing Assistant

^*Higher scores indicating greater cognitive impairment

^#Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity

^‡Higher scores indicate greater agitation