Table 3. Complications That Occurred During the DCCT/EDIC and EDC Studies by Treatment Groupa.
| No. (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Complicationb | DCCT/EDIC Conventional (n=730) |
EDC (n=161) |
DCCT/EDIC Intensive (n=711) |
| CVD | 61 (8) | 18 (11) | 38 (5) |
| Retinopathy | |||
| PDR | 173 (25) | 70 (43) | 71 (10) |
| CSME | 183 (25) | 33 (21) | 93 (13) |
| Scatter laser | 129 (18) | NAc | 42 (6) |
| Focal laser | 80 (11) | NAc | 30 (4) |
| Blind (<20/200 in either eye), % |
1 (0.1) | 7 (4) | 4 (1) |
| Nephropathy | 118 (16) | 22 (14) | 41 (6) |
| Renal insufficiency | 26 (4) | 3 (2) | 10 (1) |
| Renal replacement | 14 (2) | 2 (1) | 4 (1) |
| Neuropathy: amputations | 8 (1) | 3 (2) | 7 (1) |
Abbreviations: CSME, clinically significant macular edema; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; EDC, Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Experience; EDIC, Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications; NA, not available; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse.
Through EDIC year 12 or EDC year 18.
Cardiovascular disease was defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, silent myocardial infarction, revascularization, confirmed angina, and nonfatal cerebrovascular event. Retinopathy was defined as PDR or CSME. Nephropathy was defined as an albumin excretion rate higher than 300 mg/24 h or renal insufficiency (serum creatinine level of 2 mg/dL or higher [to convert to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4] or dialysis or renal transplant). Renal insufficiency was defined as a serum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL or higher or renal replacement. Renal replacement was defined as dialysis or transplant. In the DCCT/EDIC study, all amputations were of toes, except for 1 amputation below the knee.
The EDC participants are not routinely photographed if laser therapy is reported.