Table 2.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of women who did frequent home cooking relative to women in a random sample of the Singapore Chinese Health Study associated with elevated biomarker levels by tertilesa
| Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) (No. cooks/No. controls) |
P for trend |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Urinary biomarker |
Source | 1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | |
| HPMA | acrolein | 1.00 (ref) (7/17) |
3.26 (1.10–9.64) (23/17) |
3.65 (1.23–10.79) (24/16) |
0.028 |
| HBMAb | crotonaldehyde | 1.00 (ref) (5/30) |
13.51 (4.02–45.43) (24/12) |
21.60 (6.06–77.00) (26/8) |
<0.0001 |
| SPMAb | benzene | 1.00 (ref) (10/25) |
2.48 (0.91–6.75) (17/18) |
11.10 (3.48 – 35.41) (27/7) |
<0.0001 |
| MHBMA | 1,3-butadiene | 1.00 (ref) (13/17) |
1.87 (0.71–4.96) (24/17) |
0.90 (0.31–2.58) (11/16) |
0.89 |
| HEMA | ethylene oxide | 1.00 (ref) (29/17) |
0.45 (0.18–1.14) (13/17) |
0.43 (0.16–1.13) (12/16) |
0.066 |
| Summed mercapturic acidsc |
all above | 1.00 (ref) (6/17) |
3.15 (1.00–9.86) (19/17) |
3.90 (1.26–12.11) (22/16) |
0.024 |
| 1-HOP | pyrene | 1.00 (ref) (19/17) |
0.69 (0.26–1.82) (13/17) |
1.23 (0.49–3.08) (22/16) |
0.65 |
| PheT | phenanthrene | 1.00 (ref) (24/17) |
0.96 (0.39–2.40) (23/17) |
0.31 (0.10–0.92) (7/16) |
0.051 |
| fmol/µmol dG | P | ||||
| B. | Source |
1st tertile (cooking/random) |
2nd tertile (cooking/random) |
3rd tertile (cooking/random) |
|
| N2-ethylidene-dG | acetaldehyde | 1.00 (ref) (13/17) |
1.54 (0.48–5.01) (16/17) |
0.82 (0.24–2.82) (10/16) |
0.78 |
a
Adjusted for age at sample collection
b
The tertile cutoff values were based on both cooks and controls combined. For all other biomarkers, the tertile cutoff values were based on control subjects only.
c
the sum of HPMA, HBMA, SPMA, MHBMA, and HEMA.