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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Learn Disabil. 2010 Mar–Apr;43(2):139–153. doi: 10.1177/0022219409359344

Table 4.

Correlation Coefficients for Tests for NES Participants (n = 218) Below the Diagonal and ESOL Participants (n = 153) Above the Diagonal

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14c 15d 16
1. PPVT - .72 .51 .39 .25 .32 .25b .48b .16b .10b .28b .15b .03 .25b .24 .25b
2. BNT .76 - .59b .49 .28 .34 .22b .46b .26b .17b .28b .05 .03 .23 .25 .13
3. WJ Passage Comprehension .39 .42 - .60b .30 .43 .28 .54 .42b .20 .32b .05 .11 .26 .27 .18
4. GORT Comprehension .37 .38 .34 - .13 .30b .24b .46b .35b .16 .22b .01 .04 .21 .23 .18
5. WJ Letter-Word Identification .17 .22 .31 .08 - .48 .36 .38 .45 .16 .15 .43 .39 .29 .27 .16
6. Sight Word Reading Test .19 .18 .31 .02 .52 - .52 .40 .56 .26 .20 .51b .44 .30 .26 .09
7. TOWRE Sight Word −.06 −.03 .26 −.01 .57a .53 - .51 .65 .41 .36 .61 .26 .33 .32 .11
8. WJ Reading Fluency .05 .11 .37 .17 .41 .41 .68a - .54 .26 .45 .36 .20 .42 .46b .13
9. GORT Fluency −.08 −.05 .23 −.01 .44 .48 .63 .56 - .35 .30 .51 .43 .27 .26 .15
10. CTOPP Letter Naming Rate −.13 −.12 .12 .01 .18 .10 .59a .52a .41 - .31 .13 .10 .12 .17 .00
11. CTOPP Color Naming Rate −.12 −.01 .11 .01 .19 .07 .39 .43 .36 .53a - .24 .14 .28 .28 .15
12. TOWRE Phonemic Decoding −.20 −.06 .19 −.08 .52 .32 .60 .43 .49 .35a .27 - .58 .37 .32 .17
13. WJ Word Attack −.11 .03 .27 .01 .59a .34 .46a .39 .44 .16 .24 .73a - .34 .31 .23
14. CTOPP Elisionc .04 .18 .23 .18 .31 .13 .21 .28 .17 .05 .18 .37 .53a - .97 .32
15. CTOPP Elision Square Rootd .04 .20 .24 .19 .31 .12 .20 .27 .16 .06 .17 .39 .52a .98 - .30
16. CTOPP Blending Words .03 .20 .12 .10 .17 −.04 .07 .13 .01 .05 .10 .24 .37 .44 .45 -

Note. PPVT = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – Third Edition; BNT = Boston Naming Test; WJ = Woodcock Johnson-III: Tests of Achievement; TOWRE = Test of Word Reading Efficiency; GORT = Gray Oral Reading Tests – Fourth Edition; CTOPP = Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing. CTOPP Letter Naming Rate is the inverse of CTOPP Rapid Letter Naming Time. CTOPP Color Naming Rate is the inverse of CTOPP Rapid Color Naming Time. CTOPP Elision Square Root is used for NES and CTOPP Elision is used for ESOL participants.

a

Correlation for NES is significantly larger than that for ESOL participants (α = .05).

b

Correlation for ESOL participants is significantly larger than that for NES (α = .05).

c

CTOPP Elision raw scores are used for ESOL participants.

d

CTOPP Elision raw scores with a square root transformation are used for NES to improve the normality of the variable for the group.

NES correlations > .134 are significant at the .05 level and NES correlations >.176 are significant at the .01 level.

ESOL correlations > .161 are significant at the .05 level and ESOL correlations >.220 are significant at the .01 level.