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. 2010 May 6;2010:931903. doi: 10.1155/2010/931903

Table 1.

Contractile data from diaphragm of diabetic animals and age-matched controls.

Intact muscles
4 days 4 weeks 8 weeks 14 weeks
Control Diabetic Control Diabetic Control Diabetic Control Diabetic Insulin
n = 7 (4) n = 7 (4) n = 9 (5) n = 8 (4) n = 10 (5) n = 10 (5) n = 7 (4) n = 7 (4) n = 8 (4)
Tmax (N/cm2) 25 ± 2.2 18 ± 1.2 25.5 ± 2.5 22.9 ± 1.5b 24.8 ± 2.1 20 ± 2.2c 25.3 ± 1.1 15.2 ± 1.2d 24.7 ± 2.3e
Fatigue (%Tmax) 16 ± 2 17 ± 2 10 ± 1.5 19.5 ± 1b 12 ± 2 24 ± 2c 15 ± 1 5 ± 1d 20 ± 6e
Recovery (%Tmax) 80 ± 5 52 ± 6a 62 ± 4 65 ± 7 70 ± 2 88 ± 3c 82 ± 5 39 ± 4d 78 ± 6e

Skinned fibers
n = 12(3) n = 9 (3) n = 8 (3) n = 9 (3) n = 12 (4) n = 12 (4)

Fmax (N/cm2) 23 ± 3.1 17.3 ± 2.2* 21 ± 1.1# 19.5 ± 1.8# 14.5 ± 2.8* 23.8 ± 3.8$
pCa50 5.62 ± 0.03 5.46 ± 0.05* 5.70 ± 0.12# 5.87 ± 0.02# 5.33 ± 0.04* 5.63 ± 0.07$
N 4.45 ± 0.22 3.55 ± 0.09* 3.25 ± 0.22# 2.85 ± 0.12# 3.35 ± 0.20* 4.23 ± 0.18$

n represents the number of individual muscle preparations studied while the number in parenthesis indicates the number of animals from which the fibers were isolated.

aTmax and recovery decreased in diabetic muscles (P < .05)

bTmax decreased and recovery enhanced in diabetic muscles (P < .05)

cTmax decreased, fatigue reduced and recovery enhanced in diabetic muscles (P < .05)

dTmax decreased, fatigue increased and recovery decreased in diabetic muscles (P < .05)

eTmax, fatigue and recovery returned to control levels in diabetic muscles treated with insulin (P < .05)

*Fmax reduced, pCa50 reduced (less sensitive) and N decreased (reduced cooperativity) in diabetic fibers (P < .05)

#Fmax reduced, pCa50 increased (more sensitive) and N decreased (reduced cooperativity) in diabetic fibers (P < .05)

$Fmax, pCa50 and N returned to control levels in diabetic fibers treated with insulin (P < .05).