Table 2.
Drugs with Effect on Voltage-Gated Ionic Channels
| Dihydropyridines: nimodipine, nitrendipine | L type Ca2+ channel blocker | Management of vertigo of peripheral origin |
| Cinnarizine and flunarizine | L type Ca2+ channel blocker Slight H1 antihistaminic action. Potential antagonism of nACh-R Cinnarizine also acts as a pressure-sensitive potassium channel blocker | Management of vertigo of peripheral origin |
| Verapamil | L type Ca2+ channel blocker | Management of vertigo of peripheral origin |
| Lidocaine | Na+ channel blocker | Transtympanic infusion of lidocaine with dexamethasone for the management of acute vertigo and in the long-term management of patients with Ménière's disease |
| Carbamazepine | Stabilizes the inactivated state of the voltage-dependent Na+ channel | Treatment of vestibular paroxysms |
| 3,4-diaminopyridine | Blocker of Kv1 (KCNA) family of voltage-activated K+ channels | Control of the nystagmus in patients with type 2 (EA2) episodic ataxia |
Nicotinc acetylcholine receptor, nACh-R; Type 1 histamine receptor, H1.