Table 1. Clinical and molecular characteristics according to STMN1 status in colorectal cancer.
| Clinical or molecular feature | Cases, N | STMN1 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative, n | Positive, n | |||
| Total | 546 | 249 | 297 | |
| Sex | 0.69 | |||
| Male (HPFS) | 223 (41%) | 104 (42%) | 119 (40%) | |
| Female (NHS) | 323 (59%) | 145 (58%) | 178 (60%) | |
| Mean age ± s.d. | 66.1 ± 8.5 | 66.0 ± 8.2 | 66.2 ± 8.7 | 0.73 |
| Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) | 0.56 | |||
| <25 | 229 (44%) | 99 (42%) | 130 (46%) | |
| 25–29 | 207 (40%) | 100 (42%) | 107 (38%) | |
| ≥30 | 84 (16%) | 39 (16%) | 45 (16%) | |
| Family history of colorectal cancer in any first-degree relative | 0.86 | |||
| Absent | 412 (75%) | 187 (75%) | 225 (76%) | |
| Present | 134 (25%) | 62 (25%) | 72 (24%) | |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.064 | |||
| Prior to 1995 | 231 (42%) | 116 (47%) | 115 (39%) | |
| 1995–2002 | 315 (58%) | 133 (53%) | 182 (61%) | |
| Tumor location | 0.41 | |||
| Right (cecum to transverse colon) | 243 (45%) | 103 (42%) | 140 (47%) | |
| Left colon (splenic flexure to sigmoid) | 179 (33%) | 83 (34%) | 96 (32%) | |
| Rectum | 119 (22%) | 59 (24%) | 60 (20%) | |
| Tumor stage | 0.88 | |||
| I | 145 (27%) | 62 (25%) | 83 (28%) | |
| II | 174 (32%) | 82 (33%) | 92 (31%) | |
| III | 163 (30%) | 75 (30%) | 88 (30%) | |
| IV | 64 (12%) | 30 (12%) | 34 (11%) | |
| Mucinous component | 0.74 | |||
| 0% | 288 (60%) | 132 (60%) | 156 (60%) | |
| 1–49% | 127 (27%) | 56 (25%) | 71 (27%) | |
| ≥50% | 64 (13%) | 32 (15%) | 32 (12%) | |
| Signet-ring cell component | 0.64 | |||
| 0% | 416 (92%) | 195 (93%) | 221 (91%) | |
| 1–49% | 29 (6.4%) | 11 (5.3%) | 18 (7.4%) | |
| ≥50% | 7 (1.6%) | 3 (1.4%) | 4 (1.7%) | |
| Tumor differentiation | 0.13 | |||
| Well to moderate | 499 (92%) | 233 (94%) | 266 (90%) | |
| Poor (excluding undifferentiated tumors) | 31 (5.7%) | 12 (4.8%) | 19 (6.4%) | |
| Undifferentiated | 14 (2.6%) | 3 (1.2%) | 11 (3.7%) | |
| MSI | 0.20 | |||
| MSI-low/MSS | 462 (85%) | 216 (87%) | 246 (83%) | |
| MSI-high | 82 (15%) | 32 (13%) | 50 (17%) | |
| CIMP | 0.10 | |||
| CIMP-low/0 | 463 (85%) | 218 (88%) | 245 (82%) | |
| CIMP-high | 83 (15%) | 31 (12%) | 52 (18%) | |
| Mean LINE-1 methylation (%) | 60.7±9.7 | 61.4±10.0 | 60.2±9.5 | 0.17 |
| BRAF mutation | 0.80 | |||
| (−) | 456 (85%) | 209 (86%) | 247 (85%) | |
| (+) | 79 (15%) | 35 (14%) | 44 (15%) | |
| KRAS mutation | 0.82 | |||
| (−) | 342 (63%) | 155 (62%) | 187 (63%) | |
| (+) | 203 (37%) | 94 (38%) | 109 (37%) | |
| PIK3CA mutation | 0.018 | |||
| (−) | 409 (83%) | 199 (87%) | 210 (79%) | |
| (+) | 84 (17%) | 29 (13%) | 55 (21%) | |
| β-catenin scorea | 0.69 | |||
| Low (0–2) | 318 (62%) | 139 (61%) | 179 (63%) | |
| High (3–5) | 191 (38%) | 87 (39%) | 104 (37%) | |
| p53 expression | 0.044 | |||
| (−) | 308 (57%) | 152 (61%) | 156 (53%) | |
| (+) | 236 (43%) | 96 (39%) | 140 (47%) | |
| p21 (CDKN1A) | 0.002 | |||
| Expressed | 102 (19%) | 32 (13%) | 70 (24%) | |
| Lost | 434 (81%) | 211 (87%) | 223 (76%) | |
| p27 (CDKN1B) | 0.10 | |||
| Nuclear expression | 109 (21%) | 41 (18%) | 68 (23%) | |
| Cytoplasmic expression or loss of expression | 416 (79%) | 193 (82%) | 223 (77%) | |
| Cyclin D1 | 0.74 | |||
| (−) | 243 (46%) | 111 (47%) | 132 (45%) | |
| (+) | 285 (54%) | 126 (53%) | 159 (55%) | |
| Fatty acid synthase (FASN) | 0.015 | |||
| (−) | 468 (86%) | 223 (90%) | 245 (83%) | |
| (+) | 74 (14%) | 24 (9.7%) | 50 (17%) | |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) | 0.038 | |||
| (−) | 84 (15%) | 47 (19%) | 37 (12%) | |
| (+) | 462 (85%) | 202 (81%) | 260 (88%) | |
(%) indicates the proportion of tumors with a specific clinical or molecular feature in STMN1(−) (or STMN1 +) tumors.
CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; LINE-1, long interspersed nucleotide element-1; MSI, microsatellite instability; MSS, microsatellite stable; NHS, Nurses' Health Study.
a
β-catenin score was calculated as described earlier (36).