Table 2.
Geometric means and selected percentiles (95% CIs) of PP concentrations in urine for the U.S. population ≥ 6 years of age: NHANES 2005–2006.
| Variable | Geometric mean | Percentile |
Sample size | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | 95th | |||
| All | ||||||||
| μg/L | 7.91 (6.41–9.77) | 0.300 (0.200–0.400) | 1.20 (0.900–1.60) | 8.70 (5.90–12.4) | 48.9 (36.6–64.8) | 160 (129–200) | 299 (237–354) | 2,548 |
| μg/g creatinine | 7.71 (6.40–9.30) | 0.344 (0.278–0.422) | 1.17 (0.896–1.58) | 8.27 (5.87–11.3) | 52.9 (41.6–66.1) | 161 (140–178) | 263 (226–288) | 2,548 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 6–11 | ||||||||
| μg/L | 3.41 (2.43–4.77) | 0.300 (< LOD–0.500) | 0.800 (0.700–1.20) | 2.50 (1.60–4.30) | 11.1 (7.10–21.0) | 47.5 (30.0–91.9) | 125 (55.8–383) | 356 |
| μg/g creatinine | 3.75 (2.67–5.26) | 0.412 (< LOD–0.684) | 1.01 (0.682–1.51) | 2.70 (1.89–4.43) | 11.5 (8.07–16.0) | 52.1 (22.9–100) | 121 (55.5–352) | 356 |
| 12–19 | ||||||||
| μg/L | 8.16 (5.70–11.7) | 0.400 (< LOD–0.500) | 1.50 (0.900–2.60) | 8.40 (5.00–13.9) | 46.4 (24.1–68.5) | 165 (96.7–222) | 310 (201–361) | 702 |
| μg/g creatinine | 6.08 (4.36–8.49) | 0.350 (0.223–0.571) | 1.23 (0.676–1.82) | 5.44 (3.03–10.5) | 33.0 (20.7–48.7) | 116 (81.9–161) | 175 (140–239) | 702 |
| 20–59 | ||||||||
| μg/L | 8.99 (6.88–11.7) | 0.400 (< LOD–0.600) | 1.50 (1.10–2.00) | 11.3 (7.50–15.3) | 52.2 (38.2–75.7) | 162 (118–240) | 317 (215–370) | 1,040 |
| μg/g creatinine | 8.63 (6.84–10.9) | 0.350 (< LOD–0.473) | 1.33 (0.972–1.81) | 9.79 (6.57–15.2) | 58.1 (42.9–80.4) | 178 (144–198) | 265 (226–306) | 1,040 |
| ≥ 60 | ||||||||
| μg/L | 7.67 (6.00–9.80) | 0.200 (< LOD–0.400) | 0.900 (0.600–1.40) | 9.70 (5.70–13.7) | 64.5 (39.4–87.6) | 190 (134–251) | 295 (219–386) | 450 |
| μg/g creatinine | 8.92 (6.93–11.5) | 0.268 (< LOD–0.378) | 0.891 (0.571–1.28) | 12.9 (8.82–22.7) | 77.6 (60.0–106) | 177 (142–228) | 278 (199–309) | 450 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | ||||||||
| μg/L | 20.4 (16.0–25.9) | 0.900 (0.700–1.40) | 5.30 (3.20–8.30) | 29.1 (21.6–37.5) | 93.0 (75.7–129) | 254 (193–318) | 357 (318–395) | 1,278 |
| μg/g creatinine | 23.9 (19.9–28.8) | 1.25 (0.816–1.79) | 6.25 (3.73–10.0) | 34.9 (26.9–46.6) | 114 (101–132) | 235 (193–263) | 306 (277–342) | 1,278 |
| Male | ||||||||
| μg/L | 2.96 (2.33–3.77) | < LOD | 0.600 (0.400–0.800) | 2.30 (1.60–3.10) | 13.8 (9.00–18.0) | 51.7 (39.7–70.9) | 125 (77.2–185) | 1,270 |
| μg/g creatinine | 2.38 (1.92–2.95) | < LOD | 0.513 (0.422–0.654) | 1.84 (1.42–2.47) | 9.52 (6.79–12.8) | 40.4 (31.0–51.5) | 90.8 (58.6–125) | 1,270 |
| Race/ethnicitya | ||||||||
| Mexican American | ||||||||
| μg/L | 10.6 (8.08–13.8) | 0.500 (0.300–0.800) | 1.8 (1.10–2.90) | 12.1 (7.00–17.5) | 65.9 (43.5–93.3) | 247 (174–293) | 389 (293–453) | 637 |
| μg/g creatinine | 9.49 (7.29–12.4) | 0.449 (0.268–0.690) | 1.43 (0.893–2.23) | 11.0 (6.69–16.4) | 55.2 (44.9–79.6) | 186 (147–271) | 329 (194–441) | 637 |
| Non-Hispanic black | ||||||||
| μg/L | 26.8 (21.5–33.3) | 1.60 (1.30–2.10) | 6.60 (4.50–8.60) | 34.7 (28.3–44.2) | 125 (89.5–165) | 331 (236–411) | 531 (367–730) | 678 |
| μg/g creatinine | 18.8 (15.2–23.3) | 1.14 (0.822–1.41) | 4.75 (3.67–6.57) | 23.6 (19.0–30.8) | 83.7 (61.8–105) | 217 (169–255) | 318 (242–377) | 678 |
| Non-Hispanic white | ||||||||
| μg/L | 6.21 (5.02–7.68) | 0.300 (< LOD–0.400) | 1.00 (0.700–1.30) | 6.00 (4.60–9.10) | 35.7 (28.4–49.6) | 130 (92.1–157) | 229 (156–318) | 1,038 |
| μg/g creatinine | 6.53 (5.32–8.02) | 0.286 (< LOD–0.377) | 1.01 (0.700–1.36) | 6.45 (3.98–9.11) | 47.4 (32.6–65.3) | 146 (119–184) | 241 (184–278) | 1,038 |
CI, confidence interval.
a
Participants not defined by the three racial/ethnic groups shown were included only in the total population estimate. LOD = 0.2 μg/L.