Table 5.
Adjusteda mean percent change (95% confidence interval) in SD scores of fetal size and growth for an IQR increase in exposure between weeks 1 and 12 of pregnancy: two time–activity subsets of the cohort.
| Women who spent ≥ 15 hr/day at home (n = 274) |
Women who spent < 2 hr/day in nonresidential outdoor environments (n = 255) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic/week | NO2 | BTEX | NO2 | BTEX |
| FL | ||||
| Week 12 | −1.40 (−5.91 to 3.14) | −0.76 (−6.75 to 5.25) | −2.31 (−7.81 to 3.23) | −1.99 (−8.96 to 5.03) |
| Week 20 | −3.35 (−8.52 to 1.89) | −4.22 (−11.04 to 2.73) | −3.19 (−8.98 to 2.67) | −3.27 (−10.57 to 4.15) |
| Week 32 | 1.75 (−2.62 to 6.11) | 1.20 (−4.58 to 6.95) | −1.87 (−6.61 to 2.89) | 1.75 (−4.34 to 7.80) |
| Weeks 12–20 | −3.07 (−8.17 to 2.09) | −4.22 (−10.89 to 2.57) | −2.55 (−8.2 to 3.15) | −2.75 (−9.92 to 4.51) |
| Weeks 20–32 | 2.55 (−1.75 to 6.82) | 2.15 (−3.55 to 7.81) | −1.20 (−5.94 to 3.57) | 2.51 (−3.58 to 8.55) |
| HC | ||||
| Week 12 | 0.56 (−4.59 to 5.70) | −1.91 (−8.65 to 4.88) | −3.23 (−9.32 to 2.94) | −3.19 (−10.87 to 4.62) |
| Week 20 | −3.39 (−8.64 to 1.93) | −2.67 (−9.62 to 4.36) | −7.02 (−12.78 to −1.12)* | −3.35 (−10.88 to 4.30) |
| Week 32 | −0.36 (−4.80 to 4.09) | −1.91 (−7.81 to 4.02) | −5.41 (−10.24 to −0.5)* | −1.87 (−8.15 to 4.45) |
| Weeks 12–20 | −4.02 (−9.19 to 1.21) | −2.03 (−8.99 to 4.99) | −6.24 (−11.94 to −0.4)* | −2.19 (−9.61 to 5.30) |
| Weeks 20–32 | 0.68 (−3.85 to 5.20) | −1.20 (−7.18 to 4.81) | −3.51 (−8.60 to 1.65) | −0.92 (−7.44 to 5.63) |
| AC | ||||
| Week 12 | −3.11 (−8.21 to 2.05) | −2.67 (−9.39 to 4.12) | −4.26 (−10.18 to 1.75) | −2.63 (−10.26 to 5.09) |
| Week 20 | 0.76 (−4.78 to 6.28) | −1.20 (−8.56 to 6.21) | −2.07 (−8.27 to 4.17) | −3.35 (−11.1 to 4.54) |
| Week 32 | −0.24 (−4.84 to 4.37) | −0.32 (−6.47 to 5.84) | −5.25 (−10.16 to −0.26)* | −3.51 (−9.82 to 2.90) |
| Weeks 12–20 | 2.47 (−3.15 to 8.05) | 0.04 (−7.42 to 7.5) | −0.16 (−6.08 to 5.76) | −2.39 (−9.88 to 5.18) |
| Weeks 20–32 | −0.52 (−5.27 to 4.24) | 0.04 (−6.27 to 6.35) | −4.86 (−9.62 to −0.02)* | −2.59 (−8.78 to 3.66) |
| BPD | ||||
| Week 12 | 2.59 (−2.80 to 7.94) | 1.99 (−5.18 to 9.11) | 1.91 (−4.41 to 8.19) | 3.07 (−4.97 to 10.98) |
| Week 20 | 3.27 (−1.50 to 7.99) | 3.03 (−3.38 to 9.36) | 4.89 (−0.57 to 10.26) | 4.7 (−2.25 to 11.50) |
| Week 32 | −2.11 (−7.08 to 2.89) | −4.62 (−11.13 to 2.02) | −3.43 (−8.6 to 1.81) | −5.45 (−11.93 to 1.18) |
| Weeks 12–20 | 2.31 (−2.69 to 7.28) | 2.39 (−4.17 to 8.89) | 4.54 (−1.24 to 10.22) | 3.70 (−3.71 to 11.00) |
| Weeks 20–32 | −3.39 (−8.41 to 1.69) | −5.96 (−12.5 to 0.74) | −5.37 (−10.65 to −0.01)* | −7.38* (−13.93 to −0.62) |
| EFW | ||||
| Week 12 | −2.67 (−7.40 to 2.10) | −2.11 (−8.31 to 4.13) | −2.99 (−8.78 to 2.87) | −1.83 (−9.18 to 5.57) |
| Week 20 | −0.12 (−6.27 to 6.03) | −1.83 (−9.86 to 6.27) | −1.71 (−8.68 to 5.31) | −2.59 (−11.42 to 6.37) |
| Week 32 | −0.28 (−4.88 to 4.33) | −1.20 (−7.33 to 4.97) | −5.05 (−9.81 to −0.22)* | −3.19 (−9.28 to 2.98) |
| Weeks 12–20 | 1.56 (−4.46 to 7.53) | −0.84 (−8.82 to 7.18) | −0.12 (−6.66 to 6.42) | −1.91 (−10.17 to 6.42) |
| Weeks 20–32 | −0.24 (−5.00 to 4.52) | −0.52 (−6.82 to 5.79) | −4.78 (−9.47 to −0.02)* | −2.39 (−8.43 to 3.70) |
a
All adjusted for season of conception, parity, maternal educational level, and maternal smoking. Models for BPD and FL also included maternal prepregnancy weight. The model for FL also included child’s sex.
*
p < 0.05.