Table 2.

Mean CVD risk factor values by quartile of GL; all participants^*

Variables	Quartile of dietary GL				P for trend‡
	1 (50.4†) (n = 220)	2 (78.7) (n = 219)	3 (100.4) (n = 219)	4 (149.5) (n = 220)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	215.4	216.7	216.8	224.0	0.171
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	121.9	124.2	124.8	130.2	0.140
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	67.1	66.0	63.9	60.5	0.004
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	123.0	120.2	128.8	144.5	0.008§
Glucose (mg/dL)	91.2	91.2	91.2	89.1	0.203§
Insulin (μU/mL)	8.91	8.91	8.91	8.91	0.422§
HOMA-IR	2.28	2.28	2.29	2.11	0.479
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	128.7	127.2	125.9	126.3	0.176
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	75.4	75.4	74.5	75.4	0.678

BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GL, glycemic load; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein

^*Results adjusted for age, BMI, energy, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity.

^†Mean value for quartile.

^‡Variable added last test, linear regression.

^§P-values based upon log-transformed outcomes. Values presented in the rows have been transformed back to original units.