Table 3.

Mean CVD risk factor values by quartile of GL; stratified by race/ethnicity^*

Variables	Race/Ethnicity	Quartile of dietary GL				P for trend‡
		1 (50.4†) (n = 220)	2 (78.7) (n = 219)	3 (100.4) (n = 219)	4 (149.5) (n = 220)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	White	218.4	215.9	216.0	222.6	0.643
	Black	217.8	216.6	211.2	220.3	0.876
	Hispanic	200.0	216.8	222.1	242.0	0.018
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	White	122.8	123.3	122.8	127.6	0.545
	Black	124.5	132.1	129.0	137.8	0.534
	Hispanic	112.6	124.7	128.6	150.4	0.038
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	White	68.7	67.7	64.7	60.2	0.003
	Black	70.4	60.9	63.1	60.2	0.222
	Hispanic	57.2	60.2	62.7	60.8	0.414
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	White	125.9	114.8	128.8	147.9	0.015§
	Black	102.3	112.2	89.1	104.7	0.623§
	Hispanic	134.9	144.5	138.0	158.5	0.506§
Glucose (mg/dL)	White	91.2	91.2	91.2	89.1	0.859§
	Black	95.5	93.3	87.1	89.1	0.083§
	Hispanic	93.3	91.2	93.3	85.1	0.127§
Insulin (μU/mL)	White	7.9	8.5	8.5	7.8	0.983§
	Black	10.5	11.7	10.2	8.9	0.556§
	Hispanic	12.3	9.8	10.0	7.9	0.092§
HOMA-IR	White	2.03	2.13	2.20	1.95	0.972
	Black	2.78	3.15	2.64	2.48	0.595
	Hispanic	3.06	2.61	2.60	2.15	0.232
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	White	129.2	128.4	125.2	123.9	0.029
	Black	128.5	127.4	131.3	135.8	0.330
	Hispanic	125.9	120.0	128.3	131.7	0.346
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	White	74.7	76.1	73.7	74.0	0.244
	Black	77.8	75.8	79.0	83.2	0.256
	Hispanic	75.6	71.0	76.4	76.3	0.624

BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GL, glycemic load; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein

^*Results adjusted for age, BMI, energy, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity.

^†Mean value for quartile.

^‡Variable added last test, linear regression.

^§P-values based upon log-transformed outcomes. Values presented in the rows have been transformed back to original units.