Table 1.
Characteristics of Three Participant Groups
| Older Adults |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Younger Adults |
Better Hearing |
Poorer Hearing |
||||
| Variable | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) |
| Age (years) | 19.2 | (2.9) | 69.6 | (4.3) | 71.3 | (5.8) |
| Education (years) | 13.7 | (2.1) | 15.2 | (2.0) | 15.8 | (2.4) |
| Vocabulary | 15.5 | (1.6) | 16.3 | (1.8) | 16.7 | (1.8) |
| Pure-Tone Threshold Average (dB HL) | 5.3 | (4.2) | 14.3 | (6.7) | 31.6 | (9.4) |
| Memory | ||||||
| Forward Digit Span | 6.8 | (1.1) | 5.4 | (1.3) | 5.7 | (1.4) |
| Backward Digit Span | 6.1 | (1.2) | 4.5 | (1.0) | 4.6 | (1.3) |
| Speed | ||||||
| Digit Symbol Substitution | 71.9 | (7.6) | 57.1 | (8.6) | 58.1 | (9.7) |
| Executive Control | ||||||
| Trails A | 19.2 | (3.3) | 34.6 | (8.7) | 36.8 | (7.7) |
| Trails B | 34.9 | (5.8) | 68.5 | (11.9) | 79.2 | (14.2) |