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Unsuccessful termination of AF using a single high-voltage pulse. Top row shows AF preceding application of a single electric field pulse (4.67 V/cm, 5 ms duration), which fails to capture the entire tissue (middle row). Bottom row shows the return to arrhythmia following the pulse. Trace shows optical signal from one pixel (white cross in the above panels, lower right) before, during, and after FF-AFP. Light blue shading indicates time during applied shock. (2 μM ACh).
