Fig. 3.

Smooth pursuit adaptation paradigm using microstimulation of NOT. The standard double-step paradigm (top), which was like that used previous studies (e.g., Kahlon and Lisberger 1996; Ono and Mustari 2007; Takagi et al. 2000), has the target moving at one speed for 1st 100 ms followed by either a higher (A) or lower (B) speed. Smooth pursuit adaptation with NOT stimulation (bottom) delivered at the point in time where a second target speed would appear in standard double-step paradigms. The target was extinguished coincidentally with the onset of the ES train to eliminate actual retinal error motion associated with the target. C and D: ipsi- and contraversive target motion, respectively.