Table 1.

Details of the primers used for PCR protocols.

Primers sequences 5' to 3'	amplicon size (bp)
Shv: CACTCAAGGATGTATTGTG, TTAGCGTTGCCAGTGC	885
Tem: TCGGGGAAATGTGCGCG, TGCTTAATCGTGAGGCACC	971
CatI: AGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACC, TTGTAATTCATTAAGCATTCTGCC	585
CatII: ACACTTTGCCCTTTATCGTC, TGAAAGCCATCACATACTGC	495
CatIII: TTCGCCGTGAGCATTTTG, TCGGATGAGTATGGGCAAC	508
cmlA: CCGCCACGGTGTTGTTGTTATC, CACCTTGCCTGCCCATCATTAG	698
tetB: TTGGTTAGGGGCAAGTTTTG, GTAATGGGCCAATAACACCG	659
tetC: CTTGAGAGCCTTCAACCCAG, ATGGTCCTCATCTACCTGCC	418
tetD: AAACCATTACGGCATTCTGC, GACCGGATACACCATCCATC	787
tetA: GCTACATCCTGCTTGCCTTC, CATAGATCGCCGTGAAGAGG	210
tetE: AAACCACATCCTCCATACGC, AAATAGGCCACAACCGTCAG	278
tetG: GCTCGGTGGTATCTCTGCTC, AGCAACAGAATCGGGAACAC	210
dfr1: ACGGATCCTGGCTGTTGGTTGGACGC, CGGAATTCACCTTCCGGCTCGATGTC	254
dfr9: ATGAATTCCCGTGGCATGAACCAGAAGAT, ATGGATCCTTCAGTAATGGTCGGGACCTC	399
dfrA7, dfrA17: GTCGCCCTAAAACAAAGTTA, CGCCCATAGAGTCAAATGT	195
dfr12, dfr13: CCGTGGGTCGATGTTTGATG, GCATTGGGAAGAAGGCGTTCAC	485

Primer sequences and amplification protocols were taken from the following sources:: TEM & SHV β-lactamase genes [17];catI, catII, catIII [18]; cmlA [19];tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE and tetG [20];dfrA1, dfrA9 [21];dfrA12, dfrA13, dfrA7, dfrA17 [22]