Table 1.
Clinical and dietary variables in all subjects combined and by ethnic group
| All (n = 252) | AA (n = 115) | EA(n = 137) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 34.5 ± 6.0 | 34.0 ± 6.1 | 34.8 ± 6.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.3 ± 8.8 | 74.5 ± 9.0 | 76.0 ± 8.6 |
| Height (cm) | 164.5 ± 6.5 | 163.6 ± 6.6 | 165.2 ± 6.3* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 2.3 | 27.8 ± 2.4 | 27.7 ± 2.2 |
| Total body fat (kg) | 31.4 ± 6.6 | 32.0 ± 6.4 | 30.6 ± 6.4 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 40.3 ± 4.1 | 40.3 ± 4.5 | 40.4 ± 3.8 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l)‡ | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.3† |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l)‡ | 77.8 ± 29.9 | 82.0 ± 35.4 | 75.0 ± 24.3 |
| HOMA-IR‡ | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 0.8 |
| SI [× 10-4min-1/(μIU/ml)] | 3.6 ± 2.8 | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 3.2† |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1767.2 ± 474.9 | 1687.2 ± 485.0 | 1834.3 ± 457.2* |
| % kcal from carbohydrates | 48.1 ± 8.4 | 46.8 ± 8.8 | 49.1 ± 7.9* |
| % kcal from fat | 36.8 ± 6.6 | 37.8 ± 6.8 | 35.9 ± 6.4* |
| % kcal from protein | 15.5 ± 3.1 | 15.9 ± 3.1 | 15.3 ± 3.2 |
| Vitamin D (IU/d) | 125.5 ± 83.6 | 111.5 ± 74.8 | 133.7 ± 88.9* |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 628.3 ± 279.5 | 507.9 ± 205.2 | 729.3 ± 293.8† |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. Abbreviations: AA, African American; EA, European American; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; SI, insulin sensitivity index. Statistical analyses were performed on log10-transformed data for SI, vitamin D, calcium, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin. P for difference between groups determined using a two-group t-test.
*P < 0.05 for difference between ethnic groups
†P < 0.001 for difference between ethnic groups
‡n = 114 AA