Table 1.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis studies of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).

Author	Estimation method	Post-hoc modifications	χ2 (df)	Fit indices
Crocker 1997	ADF/WLS	-	551(169)	GFI=.95; AGFI=.94; RMR=.08
Joiner et al. 1997	ML	38	255(131)	GFI=.97; AGFI=.94; RMR=.04
Lonigan et al.1999	S-B	-	217(169)a	CFI=.94a; TLI=.89; RMSEA=.05
	S-B	-	208(169)a	CFI=.89a; TLI=.84; RMSEA=.06
Melvin & Molloy 2000	ML	-	902(169)	GFI=.72; AGFI=.68; RMSEA=.13
Molloy et al. 2001	ML	-	496(169)	GFI=.82; AGFI=.78; RMSEA=.09
	ML	-	932(169)	GFI=.82; AGFI=.78; RMSEA=.10
PANAS short
Kercher 1992	ML	-	186(34)	CFI=.87; NFI=.85; NNFI=.83
	ML	1	111(33)	CFI=.93; NFI=.91; NNFI=.91
Mackinnon et al.1999	ML	-	768(34)	GFI=.94; TLI=.90; RMSEA=.09
	ML	2	295(32)	GFI=.98; TLI=.96; RMSEA=.05

Note. According to Browne & Cudeck (1993), root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) values of.05 or less indicate a good fit, values in the.05 to.08 range indicate a acceptable fit, values of.08 to.10 constitute marginal fit, and values grater then.10 constitute poor fit. Values above.95 indicate good fit for the comparative fit index (CFI), and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), known also as the Bentler-Bonett non-normed fit index (NNFI; Hu & Bentler, 1998). A cutoff value of.9 is usually used for the normed fit index (NFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and adjusted-goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), but these fit indices are no longer recommended (Hu & Bentler, 1998). The smaller the root mean square residual (RMR) and the Standardized RMR (SRMR) are, the better. Hu and Bentler (1998) suggested a value of.08 for the SRMR. ML = maximum likelihood; ADF/WLS = asymptotic distribution-free/weighted least squares; S-B = Satorra-Bentler corrected maximum likelihood.

^aSatorra-Bentler corrected fit indices.