Table 1.
Means and Standard Deviations of Affection, Joy, and Anger in Parent-Child Dyads, Marital Quality, and Parents’ Neuroticism
| Emotion | Mother-Child | Father-Child | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother to Child | Child to Mother | Father to Child | Child to Father | |||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Affection | ||||||||
| At 7 Months | 3.62 | 1.54 | .04 | .16 | 3.21 | 1.70 | .01 | .07 |
| At 15 Months | 1.05 | .78 | .17 | .33 | 1.06 | 1.07 | .15 | .28 |
| At 25 Months | .71 | .76 | .28 | .43 | .89 | 1.03 | .22 | .43 |
| At 38 Months | .75 | .70 | .16 | .34 | .61 | .61 | .12 | .23 |
| At 52 Months | .49 | .58 | .12 | .28 | .53 | .70 | .11 | .20 |
| At 67 Months | .51 | .61 | .16 | .20 | .23 | .35 | .03 | .08 |
| Joy | ||||||||
| At 7 Months | 5.55 | 3.23 | 3.35 | 2.39 | 3.61 | 3.02 | 2.56 | 2.03 |
| At 15 Months | 4.52 | 2.37 | 1.67 | 1.39 | 3.55 | 2.56 | 1.72 | 2.07 |
| At 25 Months | 2.71 | 2.10 | 1.70 | 1.55 | 1.88 | 1.44 | 1.76 | 1.68 |
| At 38 Months | 3.08 | 1.85 | 2.21 | 1.40 | 2.16 | 1.60 | 2.21 | 1.85 |
| At 52 Months | 2.07 | 1.61 | 1.73 | 1.70 | 1.56 | 1.34 | 1.79 | 1.62 |
| At 67 Months | 2.53 | 2.00 | 1.81 | 1.49 | 1.95 | 1.66 | 2.21 | 2.27 |
| Anger | ||||||||
| At 15 Months | 5.83 | 5.30 | 1.35 | 1.98 | 3.93 | 4.15 | .78 | 1.11 |
| At 25 Months | 2.17 | 3.30 | .65 | 1.41 | 1.95 | 2.91 | .61 | 1.31 |
| At 38 Months | 1.18 | 2.33 | .70 | 1.35 | 1.37 | 3.02 | .64 | 1.20 |
| At 52 Months | .48 | 1.57 | .34 | .73 | .55 | 2.31 | .29 | 1.11 |
| At 67 Months | .22 | 1.29 | .18 | .74 | .14 | .64 | .16 | .74 |
| Variable | Mother | Father | ||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | |||||
| Marital Quality | ||||||||
| At 15 Months | 39.16 | 6.64 | 39.00 | 7.32 | ||||
| At 52 Months | 35.90 | 9.46 | 37.79 | 7.73 | ||||
| At 67 Months | 36.99 | 7.63 | 36.84 | 7.79 | ||||
| Neuroticism | 18.47 | 7.44 | 15.23 | 7.19 | ||||
Note. To create parents’ and children’s joy and affection and parents’ anger scores we first (a) tallied all instances of the discrete emotion, and (b) tallied all intense instances of that emotion. Second, we divided tallies by the total number of segments coded. Third, the proportion representing intense emotion was weighted by multiplying it by 2. Fourth, presence and intensity scores of each emotion were summed for each person. Fifth, we transformed the scale of scores by multiplying them by 20. In contrast, children’s anger codes had not been designed to capture varying intensity, and thus could not be weighted. Thus, these scores were tallies of all instances when the child displayed defiance toward the parent during a control encounter, divided by the total number of segments coded, multiplied by 20.