Table 1.
Restrictions that limit HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages.
| Monocytes | ||
|---|---|---|
| Restriction mechanism | Replication step affected | Ref. |
| APOBEC3G APOBEC3A |
Reverse transcription | [40] |
| Vpx counteracted factor | Post-entry Reverse transcription |
[53] |
| miRNA-198 | Transcription (down-modulation of CycT1) | [59] |
| miRNAs | Viral mRNA | [62] |
| Macrophages | ||
| Restriction mechanism | Replication step affected | Ref. |
| CCR5 down-regulation, Δ CCR5 | Entry | [15,95-97] |
| p21 | Reverse transcription Integration |
[111,118] |
| 16 kDa C/EBPβ | Transcription | [145,153-155] |
| CTIP2 | Transcription | [159] |
| TRIM22 | Transcription? Budding and release? |
[121-123] |
| PPAR | Post-integration (?) | [204,205] |
| uPA | Post-translation, release? | [162,163,168] |