Table 1.

Companies Providing Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Ancestry Testing

Companya	URL	Start Date, Locationb	Genetic Testing Services	Ancestry Tests Offered
1. African Ancestry	http://www.africanancestry.com/	2002	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y chromosome
2. African DNA	http://www.africandna.com/	2007	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y
3. Ancestry.com	http://ancestry.com	2007	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y
4. Ancestry by DNA	http://ancestrybydna.com	2009	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y, admixture
5. ARGUS Biosciences	http://www.argusbio.com/	2003	Ancestry, cancer tissue screening, personal DNA sequencing	mtDNA-HV, mtDNA-FL, Y
6. Cambridge DNA Services	http://www.cambridgedna.com/	2007 UK	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y, admixture
7. deCODEme	http://www.decodeme.com/	2007 Iceland	R&D, complete scan, cancer scan, cardio scan	mtDNA, Y, map of kinship, genetic atlas
8. Determigene	http://www.determigene.com/	2002	Paternity, immigration DNA testing, infidelity testing, twin zygosity, ancestry, DNA safeguarding	Ancestral origins DNA ancestry map (population matches, native region matches, strength indicators)
9. DNA Ancestry	http://www.easternbiotech.com	2006 Dubai, UAE	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y
10. DNA Direct	http://www.dnadirect.com/web/	2003	Screening tests, genetic disorders, drug response, DNA storage, paternity and family tests	Y
11. DNA Identity Testing Center	http://www.800dnaexam.com/	2006	Paternity, family relationship DNA tests, immigration, adoption, forensic, ancestry, identity	mtDNA, Y
12. DNA Heritage	http://www.dnaheritage.com/	2003 UK	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y, surname projects
13. DNA Reference Laboratory	http://www.dnareferencelab.com	2006	Paternity, immigration paternity testing, ancestry, forensic, infectious-disease testing, R&D	mtDNA, Y, ethnicity DNA makeup, European ancestry DNA test, Native American ethnicity DNA test
14. DNA Solutions	http://www.dnasolutions.us/	2000	R&D, paternity, sibling DNA, grandparent, twins test, ancestry, bird sexing	mtDNA, Y
15. DNA Testing Systems	http://dnaconsultants.com/	2003	Ancestry, paternity, linkage disequilibrium	mtDNA, Y, admixture, Native American, African, Melungeon test, Hindu single & double for males
16. DNA Tribes	http://www.dnatribes.com/	2006	Ancestry	Autosomal analysis
17. DNA Worldwide	http://www.dna-worldwide.com/	2005 UK	Paternity, relationship, immigration, ancestry, forensic, DNA storage, pet DNA	mtDNA, Y, world DNA match
18. easyDNA	http://www.easy-dna.com/	2006	Paternity, legal DNA test, relationship, DNA profiles, twin zygosity, forensic, ancestry, immigration, maternity	Ancestral origins DNA ancestry map (population matches, native region matches, strength indicators), mtDNA, Y
19. Ethno Ancestry	http://www.ethnoancestry.com/	2004 Scotland & Ireland	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y
20. Family Builder	https://dna.familybuilder.com	2007	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y
21. Family Genetics	http://www.familygenetics.co.uk	2005 UK	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y
22. Family Tree DNA	http://www.familytreedna.com	2000	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y, autosomal, X-STR
23. Genebase	http://www.genebase.com/	2005 Canada	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y, autosomal DNA STR
24. Genelex	http://www.healthanddna.com	2000	Paternity, drug sensitivity, ancestry, predictive genetics	mtDNA, Y, Native American DNA, Jewish DNA, African ancestry DNA testing
25. Genetic Testing Laboratories, Inc.	http://www.gtldna.com/	2002	Paternity, ancestry, infidelity, DNA maternity, siblingship, twin zygosity, grandparentage, missing parent, immigration, prenatal	mtDNA, Y, ancestral origins DNA ancestry map (population matches, native region matches, strength indicators)
26. Genetree	http://www.genetree.com/	2007	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y
27. homeDNAdirect	http://www.homednadirect.com/	2006	Paternity, legal DNA testing, relationship, forensic, ancestry	mtDNA, Y, ancestral origins DNA ancestry map (population matches, native region matches, strength indicators)
28. International Biosciences	http://www.ibdna.com	2007 UK	Paternity, ancestry, siblingship	mtDNA, Y, ancestral origins DNA ancestry map (population matches, native region matches, strength indicators)
29. Metaphase Paternity Test	http://www.metaphasegenetics.com/	2002	Paternity, siblingship, grandparentage, twins, prenatal, forensic, ancestry	Y
30. Oxford Ancestors	http://www.oxfordancestors.com	2000 UK	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y
31. Paternity Experts	http://www.paternityexperts.com	2004	Paternity, sibling, ancestry, forensic paternity	Admixture
32. Pathway Genomics	http://www.pathway.com/	2009	Health conditions, ancestry, carrier status, personal traits, monogenic dominants, drug responses	mtDNA, Y
33. Roots for Real	http://www.rootsforreal.com/	2002 UK	Ancestry	mtDNA, Y, admixture
34. Test Country	http://www.testcountry.com	2001	Health conditions, substance abuse, health & wellness, pregnancy/fertility, early disease detection, ancestry	Ancestral origins DNA ancestry map (population matches, native region matches, strength indicators)
35. The Genographic Project	https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/	2005	Research, ancestry	mtDNA, Y
36. Universal Genetics; DNA Testing Laboratory	http://www.dnatestingforpaternity.com/	2009	Paternity, forensic, ancestry	mtDNA, Y
37. Warrior Roots	http://www.warriorroots.com/	2009	Ancestry, linking ancestry to ancient warrior groups, athletic profile	mtDNA, Y
38. 23andMe	https://www.23andme.com/	2006	Complete scan	mtDNA, Y, global similarity

Last updated February 23, 2010.

^aThis list does not include companies or sites that only promote genetic ancestry testing services. On November 17, 2009 deCODE genetics (owner of deCODEme) announced that it has filed a voluntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition but will continue to offer services during its restructuring process. On January 21, 2010, deCODE genetics was purchased by Saga Investments LLC, a consortium that includes Polaris Ventures and ARCH Venture Partners. Since the initial preparation of this table, two companies have been removed from the list – DNA Ancestors has gone out of business, and DNA Diagnostics Center has become a promoter site.

^bStart date for offering genetic ancestry testing. Some companies were in existence prior to this date. Locations are listed for non-U.S. locations only.