Table 4.

Linear model summaries, Stage 1. Key: Δ, change on IQ due to statistical effect; p, p-value. College graduation was the baseline for estimating statistical effects of parental education.

Male
	PIQ		VIQ		FSIQ
Estimated effect	Δ	p	Δ	p	Δ	p
Income	3.6	0.049
High School			−17.6	< 0.0001	−13.6	< 0.001
Some College			−11.3	< 0.001	−10.3	< 0.001
Total Brain Volume	3.1	0.002			3.0	0.002

Female
	PIQ		VIQ		FSIQ
Estimated effect	Δ	p	Δ	p	Δ	Δ
Income	3.0	< 0.001
High School			−9.7	0.030	−8.3	0.026
Some College			−6.4	0.033	−5.8	0.019
Total Brain Volume					1.9	0.026

Combined
	PIQ		VIQ		FSIQ
Estimated effect	Δ	p	Δ	p	Δ	p
Income	2.1	0.008
High School	−5.8	0.037	−13.6	< 0.00001	−10.8	< 0.0001
Some College	−4.2	0.031	−8.4	< 0.0001	−7.9	< 0.0001
Total Brain Volume	2.6	0.001			2.9	< 0.001