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. 2010 Mar 22;151(5):2140–2150. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0160

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Effect of AR-catalyzed reaction products on E2F-1 expression in VSMC. A, Growth-arrested VSMC were preincubated with sorbinil 10 μm or carrier for 24 h followed by stimulation with HNE, GS-HNE-ester, or GS-DHN-ester for another 24 h (n = 5 for each treatment). The pooled total cell lysate was subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blots were developed using antibodies against E2F-1 and GAPDH. Densitometry analysis was performed by using Kodak 1D image analysis software. Bars, Means ± sem of three independent analyses; #, P < 0.001 compared with control cells. *, P < 0.001, **, P < 0.05 compared cells treated with HNE or GS-HNE. B, Schematic representation of AR mediation during G1-S phase transition of cell cycle. Oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation results in generation of toxic lipid aldehydes such as HNE. AR efficiently reduces HNE and its conjugate with glutathione to DHN and GS-DHN, respectively. The reduced products of aldehydes may be involved in G1/S phase transition of cell cycle, which leads to proliferation of VSMC.