Figure 1. Cladogram of the key species used in this study: Arabidopsis, papaya, and grape.
The genus Arabidopsis belongs in the order Brassicales, as does Carica papaya. Papaya and Arabidopsis diverged from each other approximately 72MYA. Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis lyrata diverged from each other approximately 5MYA.