Table 1.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics (N = 264,667)
| Male, N (%) | 249,589 (94.3) |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 60.8 (12.2) |
| 55 years or younger, N (%) | 94,902 (35.9) |
| 56–65 years, N (%) | 64,060 (24.2) |
| 66–75 years, N (%) | 73,848 (27.9) |
| 76 years & older, N (%) | 31,857 (12.0) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White, N (%) | 171,385 (64.8) |
| African American, N (%) | 21,491 (8.1) |
| Hispanic, N (%) | 19,547 (7.4) |
| Other, N (%) | 2,090 (0.8) |
| Unknown, N (%) | 50,154 (19.0) |
| Married, N (%) | 173,182 (65.4) |
| Distance from most frequently used facility ≥30 miles, N (%)* | 100,304 (37.9) |
| Priority status | |
| 50% or more disability and no co-pays, N (%) | 61,051 (23.1) |
| Co-pays for pharmacy only, N (%) | 127,062 (48.0) |
| Co-pays for medical care and pharmacy, N (%) | 76,554 (28.9) |
| Number of obesity-related medical comorbidities FY2002–2006, mean (SD) | 4.0 (1.7) |
| Diagnosis of: | |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 120,189 (45.4) |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 221,903 (83.8) |
| Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 206,474 (78.0) |
| Ischemic heart disease, N (%) | 106,569 (40.3) |
| Congestive heart failure, N (%) | 34,004 (12.9) |
| Cholelithiasis, N (%) | 6,151 (2.3) |
| Osteoarthritis, N (%) | 117,367 (44.4) |
| Low back pain, N (%) | 107,524 (40.6) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease, N (%) | 87,836 (33.2) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea, N (%) | 37,857 (14.3) |
| Cancer (excluding skin cancer), N (%) | 37,205 (14.1) |
| Number of psychiatric comorbidities FY2002–2006, mean (SD) | 0.9 (1.2) |
| Diagnosis of: | |
| Alcohol use disorder, N (%) | 23,191 (8.8) |
| Substance use disorder, N (%) | 10,126 (3.8) |
| Tobacco dependence, N (%) | 51,044 (19.3) |
| Depression, N (%) | 72,035 (27.2) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder, N (%) | 30,631 (11.6) |
| Dementia, N (%) | 15,919 (6.0) |
| Serious mental illness, N (%) | 22,821 (8.6) |
| Number of medication classes FY2002–2006, mean (SD) | 5.8 (2.2) |
| 0–4, N (%) | 77,930 (29.4) |
| 5–7, N (%) | 123,470 (46.7) |
| 8 or more, N (%) | 63,267 (23.9) |