TABLE 1.
Subjects (n = 77,673) |
Person-years (n = 387,801)2 |
Deaths (n = 3577) |
No. of deaths/1000 person-years | ||||
Characteristic | n | Percentage | n | Percentage | n | Percentage | |
Sex | |||||||
F | 40,308 | 52 | 202,169 | 52 | 1514 | 42 | 7.49 |
M | 37,365 | 48 | 185,633 | 48 | 2063 | 58 | 11.11 |
Age at baseline | |||||||
50 to <55 y | 17,952 | 23 | 91,245 | 24 | 263 | 7 | 2.88 |
55 to <60 y | 17,566 | 23 | 87,978 | 23 | 419 | 12 | 4.76 |
60 to <65 y | 14,121 | 18 | 70,450 | 18 | 533 | 15 | 7.57 |
65 to <70 y | 12,834 | 17 | 63,647 | 16 | 789 | 22 | 12.40 |
70 to <77 y | 15,200 | 20 | 74,481 | 19 | 1573 | 44 | 21.12 |
Race-ethnicity | |||||||
White | 71,096 | 92 | 355,127 | 92 | 3276 | 92 | 9.22 |
Hispanic | 669 | 1 | 3330 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 4.80 |
Black | 990 | 1 | 4872 | 1 | 61 | 2 | 12.52 |
American Indian/Alaska Native | 1152 | 1 | 5729 | 1 | 59 | 2 | 10.30 |
Asian or Pacific Islander | 1937 | 2 | 9751 | 3 | 66 | 2 | 6.77 |
Other/missing | 1829 | 2 | 8992 | 2 | 99 | 3 | 11.01 |
Marital status | |||||||
Married | 57,212 | 74 | 286,458 | 74 | 2390 | 67 | 8.34 |
Living with a partner | 1986 | 3 | 10,010 | 3 | 76 | 2 | 7.59 |
Separated or divorced | 8943 | 12 | 12,521 | 3 | 442 | 13 | 9.99 |
Widowed | 5570 | 7 | 44,250 | 11 | 469 | 13 | 17.07 |
Never married | 2514 | 3 | 27,470 | 7 | 119 | 3 | 9.50 |
Missing | 1448 | 2 | 7092 | 2 | 81 | 2 | 11.42 |
Education | |||||||
Grade school/some high school | 2702 | 3 | 13,194 | 3 | 295 | 8 | 22.36 |
High school or GED | 12,747 | 16 | 63,471 | 16 | 825 | 23 | 13.00 |
Some college/technical school | 29,237 | 38 | 145,763 | 38 | 1388 | 39 | 9.52 |
College graduate | 18,677 | 24 | 93,655 | 24 | 656 | 19 | 7.00 |
Advanced degree | 12,978 | 17 | 65,205 | 17 | 334 | 9 | 5.12 |
Missing | 1332 | 2 | 6513 | 2 | 79 | 2 | 12.13 |
Cigarette smoking | |||||||
Nonsmoker | 39,041 | 50 | 196,707 | 51 | 1071 | 30 | 5.44 |
Current smoker | |||||||
1 to <20 y | 1261 | 2 | 6314 | 2 | 48 | 1 | 7.60 |
20 to <40 y | 2047 | 3 | 10,195 | 3 | 131 | 4 | 12.85 |
≥40 y | 3177 | 4 | 14,912 | 4 | 422 | 12 | 28.30 |
Former smoker | |||||||
Quit <10 y ago | |||||||
1 to <20 y | 597 | 1 | 3010 | 1 | 23 | 1 | 7.64 |
20 to <40 y | 1693 | 2 | 8446 | 2 | 79 | 2 | 9.35 |
≥40 y | 2843 | 4 | 13,748 | 4 | 294 | 8 | 21.38 |
Quit ≥10 y ago | |||||||
1 to <20 y | 15,080 | 19 | 75,575 | 19 | 534 | 15 | 7.07 |
20 to <40 y | 7655 | 10 | 38,031 | 10 | 453 | 13 | 11.91 |
≥40 y | 3327 | 4 | 15,930 | 4 | 439 | 12 | 27.56 |
Missing | 1012 | 1 | 4933 | 1 | 83 | 2 | 16.83 |
Physical activity in the 10 y before baseline | |||||||
None | 11,500 | 15 | 56,917 | 15 | 816 | 23 | 14.34 |
Quartile 1: >0–3.0 MET-h | 16,325 | 21 | 81,248 | 21 | 881 | 25 | 10.84 |
Quartile 2: 3.1–8.1 MET-h | 16,406 | 21 | 81,943 | 21 | 700 | 20 | 8.54 |
Quartile 3: 8.2–17.8 MET-h | 16,117 | 21 | 80,656 | 21 | 612 | 17 | 7.59 |
Quartile 4: 17.9–157.3 MET-h | 16,234 | 21 | 81,677 | 21 | 500 | 14 | 6.12 |
Missing | 1091 | 1 | 5361 | 1 | 68 | 2 | 12.68 |
Self-rated health | |||||||
Excellent | 11,279 | 15 | 57,249 | 15 | 149 | 4 | 2.60 |
Very good | 29,273 | 38 | 147,832 | 38 | 685 | 19 | 4.63 |
Good | 27,395 | 35 | 136,902 | 35 | 1302 | 36 | 9.51 |
Fair | 8212 | 11 | 39,450 | 10 | 977 | 27 | 24.77 |
Poor | 1514 | 2 | 6369 | 2 | 464 | 13 | 72.86 |
Morbidity score3 | |||||||
Level 1 (≤0) | 35,466 | 46 | 179,929 | 46 | 616 | 17 | 3.42 |
Level 2 (>0–0.5) | 27,916 | 36 | 139,999 | 36 | 1015 | 29 | 7.25 |
Level 3 (>0.5–1.0) | 7733 | 10 | 37,899 | 10 | 644 | 18 | 16.99 |
Level 4 (>1.0–1.5) | 3978 | 5 | 18,827 | 5 | 586 | 16 | 31.13 |
Level 5 (>1.5–2.0) | 1397 | 2 | 6203 | 2 | 334 | 9 | 53.85 |
Level 5 (>2.0–2.5) | 503 | 1 | 2116 | 1 | 157 | 4 | 74.18 |
Level 6 (>2.5–3.0) | 256 | 0 | 960 | 0 | 117 | 3 | 121.87 |
Level 7 (>3.0) | 192 | 0 | 715 | 0 | 89 | 3 | 124.47 |
Missing | 232 | 0 | 1153 | 0 | 19 | 1 | 16.48 |
GED, general equivalency diploma; MET-h, metabolic equivalent task hours.
Because of rounding, the numbers of person-years across strata of a variable do not always sum to 387,801.
By using Cox regression, the following conditions, categorized as yes or no, were modeled simultaneously in sex-specific and age-adjusted models to obtain the morbidity score: current use of medication for depression or anxiety; current use of blood pressure medication; a history of lung cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia, pancreatic cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, and all other cancers combined; ischemic heart disease (defined as a previous heart attack), coronary bypass surgery, angioplasty, or diagnosis of angina; stroke; congestive heart disease; rheumatoid arthritis; diabetes; viral hepatitis; cirrhosis of the liver; other chronic liver disease; emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; kidney disease; ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease; Parkinson disease; and osteoporosis in women.